Abutilon
Genus of flowering plants
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Through Flowering plant, Tropics and Shrub
The type species is Abutilon theophrasti. Several species formerly placed in Abutilon, including the cultivated species Abutilon pictum and hybrids commonly known as "flowering maples", were transferred to the new genus Callianthe in 2012.
Description
Plants of this genus include herbs, shrubs, and trees. They range in height from about 0.5 to 3 meters (1.6 to 9.8 feet). The herbage is generally hairy to woolly or bristly. The leaf blades are usually entire, but the occasional species has lobed leaves. They are palmately veined and have wavy or serrated edges. Flowers are solitary, paired, or borne in small inflorescences in the leaf axils or toward the branch tips. The calyx is bell-shaped with five lobes. The corolla is usually bell-shaped to wheel-shaped, with five petals joined at the bases.
The flowers of wild species are most often yellow or orange, but can be red or pinkish, sometimes with a darker center. The stamens are fused into a tube lined at the mouth with anthers. Inside the tube is the branching style with head-like stigmas. The fruit is a rounded or hemispherical schizocarp with up to 20 segments, each containing a few seeds.
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Selected species
- Abutilon bivalve (Cav.) Dorr
- Abutilon cryptopetalum (F.Muell.) Benth.
- Abutilon eremitopetalum Caum – hiddenpetal Indian mallow (Lānaʻi in Hawaii)
- Abutilon fraseri (Hook.f.) Walp. - Dwarf lantern-flower
- Abutilon fruticosum Guill. & Perr. – Texas Indian mallow
- Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet – hairy Indian mallow
- Abutilon guineense (Schumach.) Baker f. & Exell
- Abutilon halophilum F.Muell. ex Schltdl.
- Abutilon hulseanum Torr. ex A.Gray
- Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet – hoary abutilon, pelotazo (Southwestern United States, northern Mexico, Hawaii)
- Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet – Indian abutilon, Indian lantern-flower, monkeybush
- Abutilon julianae Endl.
- Abutilon lepidum (F.Muell.) A.S.Mitch.
- Abutilon leucopetalum (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. – desert Chinese-lantern
- Abutilon listeri Baker f.
- Abutilon menziesii Seem. – koʻoloaʻula (Hawaii)
- Abutilon otocarpum F.Muell.
- Abutilon oxycarpum (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. – small-leaved abutilon
- Abutilon palmeri A.Gray – Palmer's Indian mallow
- Abutilon pannosum (G.Forst.) Schltdl.
- Abutilon parishii A.Watson – Parish's Indian mallow
- Abutilon parvulum A.Gray – dwarf Indian mallow
- Abutilon persicum (Burm.f.) Merr.
- Abutilon pitcairnense Fosberg
- Abutilon sachetianum Fosberg
- Abutilon sandwicense (O.Deg.) Christoph. – greenflower Indian mallow (Oahʻu in Hawaii)
- Abutilon theophrasti Medik. – butterprint, abutilon-hemp, China-jute, velvetleaf (in USA), swamp Chinese-lantern, common yellow mallow
Hybrids
- Abutilon × hybridum (unknown parentage)
Formerly placed here
- Corynabutilon vitifolium (Cav.) Kearney (as A. vitifolium (Cav.) C.Presl)
- Pseudabutilon thurberi (A.Gray) Fryxell (as A. thurberi A.Gray)
- Callianthe megapotamica (A.Spreng.) Dorr (as A. megapotamicum (A.Spreng.) A.St.-Hil. & Naudin)
- Callianthe × milleri (Anon.) J.C.David (as A. × milleri Anon.; A. megapotamicum × A. pictum)
- Callianthe picta (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Donnell (as A. pictum (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Walp.)
- Callianthe striata (G.F.Dicks. ex Lindl.) Donnell (as A. striatum G.F.Dicks. ex Lindl.)
Cultivation
Some abutilons are cultivated as garden plants. Several hybrids and cultivars have been developed.
Cultivars, hybrids, and species that have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit include:
- A. megapotamicum
- A. × milleri
- 'Canary Bird'
- 'Cannington Carol'
- 'Cannington Peter'
- 'Kentish Belle'
- 'Linda Vista Peach'
- 'Marion'
- 'Nabob'
- 'Orange Glow'
- 'Savitzii'
- 'Souvenir de Bonn'
- 'Veronica Tennant'
Abutilons can be propagated from seed or via cuttings. A. megapoticum is grown as a house plant, but needs considerable light, including several hours of sunlight per day, and moderate temperatures of 61 to 74 °F (16 to 23 °C). The best potting medium is a loose soil rich in organic material and sand and watered when dry to the touch. The amount of watering should be reduced from November to March and the plant pruned back one third at the end of this rest period. The plant is prone to attack by scale insects. The plant is best replaced every two to three years with new specimens.