Actinomycetoma

Actinomycetoma is caused by members of the order Actinomycetales, particularly Nocardia brasiliensis, Actinomadura madurae, Streptomyces somaliensis, and Actinomadura pelletieri. However, some cases have also been reported due to Actinomadura latina and other Nocardia species such as: Nocardia aobensis, Nocardia farcinica, Nocardia harenae, Nocardia otitidiscaviarum, Nocardia mexicana, Nocardia transvalensis, Nocardia veterana, Nocardiopsis yamanashiensis, and Nocardia dassonvillei and other actinobacteria such as Cellulosimicrobium cellulans.

It is, therefore, a form of actinomycosis. Mycetoma is a broad term which includes actinomycetoma and eumycetoma under it. However, eumycetoma is caused by fungal infection in contrast to actinomycetoma that is caused by mostly anaerobic bacteria.