Arctotheca calendula

Description

Arctotheca calendula is a squat perennial or annual herb which grows in rosettes and sends out stolons and can spread across the ground quickly. The leaves are covered with white woolly hairs, especially on their undersides. The leaves are lobed or deeply toothed, arranged in a basal rosette and distributed along the stem, are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blade is 5 to 25 centimeters long and 2 to 5 centimeters wide, with the uppermost almost simple and obovate; the lower ones are pinnately lobed to lyre-shaped. The upper surface of the leaf is finely hairy, cobweb-like, and the underside is densely covered with white, tomentose or woolly hairs.

The name 'Actotheca' comes from Greek words 'arktos' meaning 'a bear', and 'theke', which translates to 'a capsule' (or a 'case'); referring to the heavily fuzzy fruits. The species name 'calendula' may refer to its resemblance to the European genus Calendula that means 'little calendar', which derives from the Greek word 'kalendae', meaning 'the first day of the month', and could refer to its long-flowering span.

Inflorescence

Hairy stems bear daisy-like flowers with small yellow petals that sometimes have a green or purple tint surrounded by white or yellow ray petals extending further out from the flower centers. The flower heads are located on leaf-axillary inflorescence stalks that are usually 15 to 20 (10 to 25) centimeters long. The hemispherical involucrum with a diameter of about 1.5 centimeters consists of several rows of bracts.

The flower heads have a diameter of about 5, 2.5 to 4, rarely up to 6 centimeters. There are fewer than 20 (6 to 13, rarely up to 17) ray florets in a flower head. The approximately 3 millimeter long achenes are pinkish-brown and covered with silky, woolly hairs. The flowering period in South Africa is in winter, spring to early summer and extends from July to November. In southern Europe, however, the flowering period is March to June.