Ardisia japonica
Species of flowering plant
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Description
It is a low-growing, spreading very quickly evergreen shrub 20–40 cm tall. The leaves are opposite or in whorls, ovate, 4–7 cm long and 1.5–4 cm broad, with a sharply serrated margin and an acute apex. The fruit is a drupe 5–6 mm diameter, red maturing dark purple-black in early winter. The flowers are 4–10 mm diameter, with five (rarely six) white to pale pink petals; they are produced in racemes in late spring. The plant flowers from August to September.
A. japonica grows in dark, damp places in mixed forests and bamboo forests within 1200 metres of sea level.
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Uses
A number of cultivars have been selected for growing as ornamental plants, including 'Hakuokan' and 'Ito Fukurin' with variegated leaves, 'Hinotsukasa', with pale cream-coloured leaves, and 'Matsu Shima' with pink stems and variegated leaves.
A. japonica is one of the plants used in koten engei, a traditional form of Japanese horticulture. At least a dozen cultivars of the species are grown in this tradition, with varying shapes and coloration of leaves.
The plant is called Jūryō (十両) in Japanese. Because of the red berries and the word play of its name it is used during Japanese New Year for chabana decoration, normally along winter jasmine.
Medicinal uses
It is used as a medicinal plant in traditional Chinese medicine, where it is called zǐjīn niú (Chinese: 紫金牛), or aidicha (矮地茶) and is considered one of the 50 Fundamental Herbs.
Large doses of the plant as medicine can be toxic to the kidneys.
Weed problems
It has escaped from cultivation and established itself in the wild in the United States, in Gainesville, Florida, and possibly as far as South Carolina and Texas.