Blue-tongued skink
Genus of lizards
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Systematics and distribution
Blue-tongued skinks are closely related to the genera Cyclodomorphus and Hemisphaeriodon. All species are found on mainland Australia with the exception of Tiliqua gigas, which occurs in New Guinea and various islands of Indonesia. The Tanimbar blue-tongued skink, a subspecies of Tiliqua scincoides, is also found on several small Indonesian islands between Australia and New Guinea. Tiliqua nigrolutea, the blotched blue-tongued skink, is the only species present in Tasmania.
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Ecology
Most species of blue-tongued skinks are diurnal, ground-foraging omnivores, feeding on a wide variety of insects, gastropods, flowers, fruits, and berries. The pygmy blue-tongue is again the exception, being primarily an ambush predator of terrestrial arthropods.
All are ovoviviparous, with litter sizes ranging from 1–4 in the pygmy blue-tongue and shingleback to 5–24 in the eastern and northern blue-tongues.
Species
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Tiliqua.
Extinct species
Multiple extinct species of blue-tongued skinks have been proposed. Tiliqua frangens, the largest known species of the genus, lived during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epoch around the Wellington Caves of New South Wales in Australia. Another extinct species T. laticephala may represent the same taxon as T. frangens. Its nearest relative is the extant T. rugosa, which is half the size and lacks the bony plates of T. frangens.
Another extinct species T. wilkinsonorum also lived during the Pliocene epoch. The earliest possible species is T. pusilla from the middle Miocene, but researchers question whether this species belong to the genus Tiliqua due to its uncertain phylogenetic position that causes paraphyly.
In captivity
Some species of the genus Tiliqua are kept as household pets. Tiliqua scincoides are one of the first species of lizard to be kept as pets, and the first lizard known to have been bred in captivity, with the first successful clutches being produced no later than 1897. They are on average very friendly when raised in captivity, and are often called "the dogs of reptiles". Captive specimens can live 20 years or longer.