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- R-type calcium channelProtein family
- Radial arm mazeThe radial arm maze was designed by Olton and Samuelson in 1976 to measure spatial learnin
- Radial arteryLarge forearm artery
- Radial glial cellBipolar-shaped progenitor cells of all neurons in the cerebral cortex and some glia
- Radial nerveNerve in the human body that supplies the posterior portion of the upper limb
- Radial recurrent arteryThe radial recurrent artery arises from the radial artery immediately below the elbow.
- Radial styloid processThe radial styloid process is a projection of bone on the lateral surface of the distal ra
- Radial unit hypothesisConceptual theory of cerebral cortex development
- RadioligandA radioligand is a microscopic particle which consists of a therapeutic radioactive isotop
- RadiopharmacologyRadiopharmacology is radiochemistry applied to medicine and thus the pharmacology of radio
- RAG2Recombination activating gene 2 protein (also known as RAG-2) is a lymphocyte-specific pro
- Ramp functionThe ramp function is a unary real function, whose graph is shaped like a ramp. It can be e
- Ranoidea chlorisRanoidea chloris, commonly known as the red-eyed tree frog or orange-eyed tree frog, is a
- Rapid shallow breathing indexMedical index
- Re-entry ventricular arrhythmiaMedical condition
- ReabsorptionPart of the function of the kidney
- Reactive lymphocyteLymphocytes that become large as a result of antigen stimulation
- Reactive oxygen speciesHighly reactive molecules formed from diatomic oxygen (O2)
- RearrestRearrest (also known as refibrillation or recurrent ventricular fibrillation) is a phenome
- RebreatherPortable apparatus to recycle breathing gas
- Recall (memory)Retrieval of events or information from the past
- Receptive fieldDelimited medium where some stimuli can evoke neuronal responses
- Receptor activated solely by a synthetic ligandArtificial biochemical receptors only responsive to predesigned drugs
- Reciprocal inhibitionOperation of opposing sets of muscles
- Recombinant factor VIIaRecombinant factor VIIa (rfVIIa) is a form of blood factor VII that has been manufactured
- Recombination-activating geneProtein family
- Rectus sheathThe rectus sheath (also called the rectus fascia) is a tough fibrous compartment formed by
- ReelinGlycoprotein involved in neuronal migration
- Reference rangeIn medicine and health-related fields, a reference range or reference interval is the rang
- Reference ranges for blood testsCommon human medical data ranges for blood test results
- Referred itchMedical condition
- Referred painPain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus
- Reflex anal dilationReflexive dilation of the human anus in response to stimulation
- Reflex arcNeural pathway which controls a reflex
- Reflex asystolic syncopeForm of loss of consciousness and postural tone encountererd mainly in young children
- Refractory period (physiology)State of unresponsiveness to repeated stimuli
- Regeneration (biology)Biological process of renewal, restoration, and tissue growth
- Regional differentiationIn the field of developmental biology, regional differentiation is the process by which di
- Regulatory T cellWhite blood cells of the immune system
- ReinnervationRestoration of nerves
- Relaxation (psychology)Emotional state of low tension and an absence of arousal
- Religious ecstasyAltered state of consciousness
- RemyelinationNatural partial recreation of myelin sheaths in the brain
- Renal blood flowMedical diagnostic method
- Renal compensationRegulation of blood plasma acidity by kidneys
- Renal corpuscleBlood-filtering component of the nephron of the kidney
- Renal glycosuriaRenal glycosuria is a rare condition in which the simple sugar glucose is excreted in the
- Renal medullaInnermost part of the kidney
- Renal physiologyStudy of the physiology of the kidney
- Renal sodium reabsorptionReabsorption of filtered sodium ions within the kidneys
- ReninAspartic protease protein and enzyme
- Renin receptorThe renin receptor also known as ATPase H(+)-transporting lysosomal accessory protein 2, o
- Renin–angiotensin systemHormone system
- Renshaw cellInhibitory interneurons found in the gray matter of the spinal cord
- RepolarizationChange in membrane potential
- Reproductive biologyBranch of biology studying reproduction
- Reproductive endocrinology and infertilitySurgical subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology
- Reptilase timeReptilase time (RT) is a blood test used to detect deficiency or abnormalities in fibrinog
- Respirator fit testA respirator fit test checks whether a respirator properly fits the face of someone who we
- Respiratory acidosisDecrease in blood pH due to insufficient breathing
- Respiratory adaptationBreathing changes caused by exertion
- Respiratory alkalosisIncrease in blood pH due to rapid breathing
- Respiratory burstImmune system chemical weapon
- Respiratory complex IProtein complex involved in cellular respiration
- Respiratory dropletType of particle formed by breathing
- Respiratory epitheliumMucosa that serves to moisten and protect the airways
- Respiratory pigmentMetalloprotein
- Respiratory system of the horseBiological system by which a horse circulates air for the purpose of gaseous exchange
- RespirometerDevice for measuring the rate of respiration
- RespirometryEstimation of metabolic rates by measuring heat production
- Resting potentialStatic membrane potential in biology
- Resting state fMRIType of functional magnetic resonance imaging
- RetchingReverse movement of the stomach and esophagus without vomiting
- Reticular formationSpinal trigeminal nucleus
- Reticulospinal tractThe reticulospinal tracts (also known as descending or anterior reticulospinal tracts) are
- RetinalVitamin A aldehyde, a polyene chromophore
- Retinal ganglion cellType of cell within the eye
- Retinal wavesRetinal waves are spontaneous bursts of action potentials that propagate in a wave-like fa
- Retinylidene proteinRetinylidene proteins, or rhodopsins in a broad sense, are proteins that use retinal as a
- Retrieval-induced forgettingMemory phenomenon
- Retrograde signalingBiological process
- Retrograde tracingTechnique for mapping neural circuits in the "upstream" direction, from target to source
- Retromandibular veinThe retromandibular vein (temporomaxillary vein, posterior facial vein) is a major vein of
- Retrosplenial cortexPart of the brain's cerebral cortex
- Return of spontaneous circulationReturn of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is the resumption of a sustained heart rhythm tha
- ReuptakeReabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a neurotransmitter transporter
- Reversal potentialMembrane potential at which ionic current reverses
- Reward systemGroup of neural structures responsible for motivation and desire
- Rewarming shockRewarming shock (also known as rewarming collapse) has been described as a drop in blood p
- Rho(D) immune globulinMedication used to prevent RhD isoimmunization
- RhombencephalosynapsisRhombencephalosynapsis is a rare genetic brain abnormality of malformation of the cerebell
- Rhomboid minor muscleIn human anatomy, the rhomboid minor is a small skeletal muscle of the back that connects
- Riboflavin carrier proteinRiboflavin carrier proteins (RFCPs) together with human serum albumin transport flavin mon
- Riboflavin kinaseIn enzymology, a riboflavin kinase (EC 2.7.1.26) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical
- Rieske proteinRieske proteins are iron–sulfur protein (ISP) components of cytochrome bc1 complexes and c
- Right bundle branch blockHeart block in the right ventricle
- Right colic veinThe right colic vein drains the ascending colon, and is a tributary of the superior mesent
- Right coronary arteryBlood vessel supplying the human heart
- Right gastroepiploic arteryThe right gastroepiploic artery (or right gastro-omental artery) is one of the two termina
- Right lymphatic ductLymphatic vessel
- Right marginal branch of right coronary arteryThe right marginal branch of right coronary artery (or right marginal artery) is the large
- Rigor mortisFourth stage of death
- Risk factors of schizophreniaRisk factors related to schizophrenia
- Robert Allan PhillipsAmerican scientist and leader in global health
- Rodney PorterEnglish biochemist
- RolipramChemical compound
- Root of the lungAnatomical structure
- Ross CowieRoss Cowie (born 13 February 1960) is a charity-worker and former shinty player and manage
- Rostral migratory streamOne path neural stem cells take to reach the olfactory bulb
- Rotator cuffGroup of muscles
- Round ligament of liverThe round ligament of the liver, ligamentum teres or ligamentum teres hepatis is a ligamen
- RPTORProtein-coding gene in humans
- Rudolph LeibelRudolph Leibel (born 1942) is the Christopher J. Murphy Professor of Diabetes Research, Pr
- Ruxandra SireteanuRomanian biophysicist, neuroscientist and academic
