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- Sack of Rome (410)Siege and sack of Rome by the Visigoths
- Safavid BaghdadProvince of the Safavid Empire, centred on the present-day Iraq
- Sagly-Bazhy culture52°04′18″N 93°37′55″E / 52.071606°N 93.631836°E
- Sajid dynasty889–929 Iranian Muslim dynasty of Azerbaijan and Armenia
- SakaHistorical group of nomadic Iranian peoples
- SaladoidThe Saladoid culture is a pre-Columbian Indigenous culture of territory in present-day Ven
- SalghuridsHistorical Turkmen dynasty that ruled Fars (12-13th centuries AD)
- SalihidsTribal Arab confederation in pre-islamic Syria
- Sallarid dynasty919–1062 Iranian Muslim dynasty in Azerbaijan
- SamhanPeriod of Korean history
- Samian War5th century BCE military conflict between Athens and the island of Samos
- Samun DukiyaSamun Dukiya is an archeological site in Nigeria in the Nok valley where artifacts from th
- San José MogoteSan José Mogote is a pre-Columbian archaeological site of the Zapotec, a Mesoamerican cult
- Santa Maria Capua VetereComune in Campania, Italy
- Sao civilisationCentral African civilization
- SaqqaraBurial ground in Giza Governorate, Egypt
- SarazmTajikistan district and Bronze Age site
- SarbadarsState in Iran from 1337 to 1381
- SarmatiansLarge Iranian confederation that existed in classical antiquity
- Sasanian ArmeniaParts of Armenia under the control of the Sasanian Empire
- Sasanian artArt of the Sasanian Empire
- Sasanian EmpireLast pre-Islamic Iranian empire (224–651 AD)
- Sasanian YemenProvince of the Sasanian Empire
- Satavahana dynastyIndian dynasty (2nd century BCE – 3rd century CE)
- SaxonsMedieval cultural group from what is now Northern Germany
- SciriAncient Germanic people in Eastern Europe
- ScythiaRegion of Eurasia defined in antiquity
- Scythia Minor (Dobruja)Scythian kingdom on the lower Danube
- Scythian campaign of Darius IAchaemenid expedition into Scythia
- Scythian languagesGroup of Eastern Iranic languages
- ScythiansNomadic Iranic people of the Pontic Steppe
- Sea PeoplesPurported ancient tribal confederation of the Late Bronze Age
- Seafaring in the Pre-Columbian CaribbeanSeafaring has played an important role in human history by enabling many prehistoric migra
- Seal scriptAncient style of Chinese characters
- Seasonal human migrationSeasonal human migration that occurs cyclically in the course of the year
- Second Battle of LamiaBattle of the First Macedonian War
- Second Intermediate Period of EgyptPeriod of ancient Egyptian history (1700–1550 BC)
- Second Punic WarWar between Rome and Carthage (218–201 BC)
- Second Temple of Hera (Paestum)The Temple of Hera II (also erroneously called the Temple of Neptune or of Poseidon), is a
- Second Temple periodPeriod in Jewish history, c. 516 BCE–70 CE
- Second TriumvirateRoman political entity (43–32 BC)
- SeleuciaSeleucid Empire capital in modern Iraq
- Seleucid EmpireHellenistic state in West Asia (312–63 BC)
- Senate of the Roman EmpireHistorical political institution in ancient Rome
- SenegambiaGeographical region in West Africa
- Senegambian stone circlesArchaeological site in Senegal and the Gambia
- Serer prehistoryAncient history of the Serer ethnic group
- SestertiusAncient Roman coin
- ShabankaraIranian tribe
- Shah Mansur (Muzaffarid)Shah Mansur was the last of the Muzaffarid rulers of Southern Iran. He ruled from Isfahan
- Shajing cultureThe Shajing culture (Ch: 沙井文化, 800/700–100 BCE), is an ancient Iron Age culture in the are
- ShalfakShalfak (originally Waf-Chastiu, "subduing the foreign lands") is an ancient Egyptian fort
- Shang dynastyChinese dynasty (c. 1600 – c. 1046 BC)
- Sharifian Caliphate1924–31 Islamic institution
- ShebaAncient South Arabian kingdom
- Shiwei peoplePre-Genghis Khan term for Mongolic peoples
- ShophetCommunity leader of significant civic status In several ancient Semitic-speaking cultures
- Shu HanEmpire in China from 221 to 263; one of the Three Kingdoms
- Shunga EmpireIndian empire (185–73 BCE)
- ShupriaShubria or Shupria was a kingdom in the southern Armenian highlands, known from Assyrian s
- Sicilia (Roman province)Roman province
- Sicilian ExpeditionAthenian military expedition to Sicily during the Peloponnesian War (415–413 BC)
- Sicilian WarsSeries of wars in Magna Graecia (580–265 BC)
- Siege of Arles (425)The Battle of Arles was fought between the Visigoths and a Roman-Hunnic alliance in 425. T
- Siege of ArpiThe siege of Arpi took place in 213 BC by the Romans against the inhabitants of Arpi. The
- Siege of AspisThe siege of Aspis or Clupea was fought in 256 BC between Carthage and the Roman Republic.
- Siege of Capua (211 BC)211 BC battle of the Second Punic War
- Siege of Carthage (Third Punic War)Carthage-Rome engagement, 149–146 BCE
- Siege of Florence (405)The siege of Florence took place in 405 or 406 AD during the War of Radagaisus between the
- Siege of Gaza (332 BC)Part of the Wars of Alexander the Great
- Siege of JichengThe siege of Jicheng was a part of the campaign Ma Chao initiated in an attempt to retake
- Siege of Lilybaeum (250–241 BC)Roman siege of a Carthaginian city during the First Punic War
- Siege of Massilia (413)The siege of Massilia was made by the Visigoths against the Roman city of Massilia, Gallia
- Siege of Mutina (218 BC)218 BC siege of the Second Punic War
- Siege of Saguntum219 BC Carthaginian victory starting the Second Punic War
- Siege of Syracuse (213–212 BC)Roman victory during the Second Punic War
- Siege of the AtuatuciThe siege of the Atuatuci in September 57 BC was the final battle in the second year of Ju
- Siege of Utica204–201 BC siege of the Second Punic War
- Siege of Yong'anThe siege of Yong'an was fought between the states of Eastern Wu and Cao Wei from around M
- SigeionSigeion (Ancient Greek: Σίγειον, Sigeion; Latin: Sigeum) was an ancient Greek city in the
- Simpson pointThe Simpson point is a Paleo-Indian projectile point with a wide blade noted for exhibitin
- SimurrumUnlocated ancient kingdom in Mesopotamia
- Sine-Saloum14°11′N 16°15′W / 14.183°N 16.250°W
- SistanRegion in Iran and Afghanistan
- Sixteen KingdomsPeriod of Chinese history from 304 to 439
- Slab-grave cultureArchaeological culture of ancient East Asians
- SogdiaAncient Iranian civilization (6th century BCE – 11th century CE)
- Song (state)Feudal state in the Zhou dynasty, China
- Southern MingRump state in China during the Ming–Qing transition
- Southward expansion of the Han dynastySeries of Chinese military campaigns by the Han dynasty
- Spade moneyHistorical coinage of China
- SpartaCity-state in ancient Greece
- Sparta (modern city)City in Greece
- Spring and Autumn periodPeriod in Chinese history (c. 770 – c. 481 BCE)
- Sri Ksetra kingdomAncient Pyu city-state in Southern Burma
- Sri PravarasenaSri Pravarasena (reigned c. 530-590 CE), also sometimes Pravarasena II based on the regnal
- St. Johns cultureArchaeological culture in North America
- Statue of MardukThe Statue of Marduk, also known as the Statue of Bêl (Bêl, meaning "lord", being a common
- SuebiHistorical ethnic grouping of Germanic tribes
- Sugawara clanThe Sugawara clan (菅原氏, Sugawara-uji) was a Japanese aristocratic family claiming descent
- SuguniaSugunia was the first capital of Arame of Urartu. The city was mentioned in an inscription
- Suing for peaceSuing for peace is an act by a warring party to initiate a peace process.
- Sulayhid dynasty11th-12th century Islamic dynasty in Yemen
- Sulfur mining in SicilySulfur was one of Sicily's most important mineral resources, which is no longer exploited.
- Sultanate of EgyptBritish protectorate, 1914–1922
- Sumerian King ListAncient text listing Sumerian Kingships
- Sumu-EpuhSumu-Epuh (reigned c. 1810 BC – c. 1780 BC Middle chronology) is the first attested king o
- Sumyafa AshwaSumyafa' Ashwa al-Yazani, also known as Esimiphaios (Latin: Esimiphaeus) in Syriac and Gre
- Sungai BatuArchaeological site in Kuala Muda, Kedah, Malaysia
- Suwannee pointThe Suwannee point is a large unfluted lanceolate Paleo-Indians projectile point that feat
- Syriac ChristianityBranch of Eastern Christianity
- Syrian WarsConflict between the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom