Erik Hollnagel

Research

Hollnagel proposed a new perspective on safety which he referred to as Safety-II, which he contrasted with the traditional perspective, which he referred to as Safety-I

Hollnagel used the term "ETTO Principle" to describe a fundamental tradeoff involved in work between being efficient and being thorough, hence the Efficiency-Thoroughness Tradeoff (ETTO)

The Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) is a technique developed by Hollnagel for modeling how accidents can occur in complex systems

Resilience potentials

In the field of resilience engineering, Hollnagel characterized resilient systems as those which possessed the following four resilience potentials

1. responding to threats (including readiness to respond)
2. monitoring in a flexible way
3. anticipating threats and opportunities
4. learning from experience

Hollnagel proposed an approach for measuring these potentials, which was initially referred to as the Resilience Assessment Grid (RAG), and was later renamed to Systemic Potentials Management (SPM)