Gianyar Regency

The town of Ubud, a centre of art and tourism, is located in Gianyar Regency.

History

The history of Gianyar Regency is determined by the Regional Regulation of Gianyar Regency Number 9 of 2004, dated 2 April 2004 concerning the Anniversary of Gianyar Regency.

History 2.5 centuries more, precisely 252 years ago, 19 April 1771, when Gianyar was chosen as the name of a palace, Puri Agung, namely the King's Palace (Anak Agung) by Ida Dewa Manggis Sakti, then a sovereign and autonomous kingdom was born and participated in the power struggle of the kingdoms in Bali. In fact, the functioning of a palace, namely the Puri Agung Gianyar which has been determined by the conditions of the niskala scale which fell on 19 April 1771 is a historical milestone that has been built by the king (Ida Anak Agung) Gianyar I, Ida Dewata Manggis Sakti gave us the condition that the process of becoming and existing can be pulled back (previous period) or pulled forward (after period).

Kingdom period

Based on archaeological evidence in the Gianyar area, it is estimated that the emergence of human settlements in Gianyar occurred 2,000 years ago with the discovery of tool sites (artifacts) in the form of stones, bronze metal in the form of nekara (Bulan Pejeng), reliefs depicting the life of temples or caves on the cliffs of the Pakerisan river (tukad).

After written evidence was found in the form of inscriptions on stone or metal, the sites of the royal centres of the Warmadewa dynasty were identified at the Singamandawa Palace, Bedahulu. After the Gajah Mada (Majapahit) expedition was able to control the island of Bali, a Keraton Samprangan was built in the former headquarters of his troops as the centre of government of the kingdom held by the Five Balinese Kings, namely:

1. King Adipati Ida Dalem Krena Kepakisan (1350–1380), as the forerunner of the Kresna Kepakisan dynasty, then the Keraton Samprangan was able to survive for approximately three centuries.
2. Ida Dalem Ketut Ngulesir (1380–1460)
3. Ida Dalem Waturenggong (1460–1550)
4. Ida Dalem Sagening (1580–1625)
5. Ida Dalem Dimade (1625–1651).

The last two Balinese Kings, namely Ida Dalem Segening and Ida Dalem Dimade, have given rise to the forerunners of rulers in the regions. Ida Dewa Manggis Kuning (1600s) the ruler of Beng Village was the forerunner of the Manggis Dynasty which emerged after the second generation built the Payangan Kingdom (1735–1843). One of the sons of the king of Klungkung Ida Dewa Agung Jambe named Ida Dewa Agung Anom emerged as the forerunner of the dynasty of kings in Sukawati (1711–1771) including Peliatan and Ubud. In the same period, namely the Gelgel period, other regional rulers also emerged, namely I Gusti Ngurah Jelantik who controlled Blahbatuh and then I Gusti Agung Maruti who controlled the Keramas area, both of whom were descendants of Arya Kepakisan.

Colonialism period

The dynamics of the struggle between traditional elites from generation to generation have progressed at a certain momentum, one of which is the development of a palace city or royal city as the centre of the kingdom's government called Gianyar. The development of a sovereign and fully autonomous royal city is Ida Dewa Manggis Sakti, the 4th generation of Ida Dewa Manggis Kuning.

Since the establishment of Puri Agung Gianyar on 19 April 1771, as well as the capital of the Gianyar Kingdom Government Center, it is a historical milestone. Since then and during the period afterward, the sovereign Gianyar Kingdom has also filled the pages of history of the kingdoms in Bali, consisting of nine kingdoms in Klungkung, Karangasem, Buleleng, Mengwi, Bangli, Payangan, Badung, Tabanan and Gianyar. However, until the end of the 19th century, after the collapse of Payangan and Mengwi on the one hand and the emergence of Jembrana on the other hand, the State): Klungkung, Karangasem, Bangli and Gianyar (ENI, 1917).

Early Independence Period

When the Dutch had taken control of the entire island of Bali, the 8 former kingdoms were still recognised by the Government of Guberneurmen but as part of the Dutch East Indies headed by a king (Selfbestuurder) in their respective swapraja regions. During the revolution, when the Bali region was included in the State of East Indonesia (NIT) autonomous regional kingdom (Swapraja) into an institution called Oka, the King of Gianyar was appointed as Chairman of the Council of Kings replacing the year 1947.

In addition, during the NIT period two other figures, namely Tjokorde Gde Raka Sukawati (Puri Kantor Ubud) became President of NIT and Ida A.A. Gde Agung (Puri Agung Gianyar) became Prime Minister of NIT, When the Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS) returned to the Unitary State (NKRI) on 17 August 1950, then the regions throughout Indonesia were issued Law No. I of 1957, the implementation of which was regulated by Law No. 69 of 1958 which changed the Swatantra Region Level II (Daswati II). The name Daswati II applied uniformly throughout Indonesia until 1960. The first regent in DATI II Gianyar was Tjokorda Ngurah (1960–1963). The next regents were Drh. Tjokorda Anom Pudak (1963–1964) and Regent I Made Sayoga, BA (1964–1965). When Law No. 18 of 1965 was implemented, DATI II was changed to the name DATI II Regency. Then it was perfected by the issuance of Law No. 5 of 1974 which replaced the name of the Regency. The regional head is still called Regent.

Gianyar Regency Government Period

From the autonomy side, it is clear that the development process that occurred in Gianyar City. Autonomy and full sovereignty have been attached to the Kingdom Government since 19 April 1771, then processed until Regional Autonomy at Level II Regency which is in effect until now.

Various leadership styles and governing arts in the autonomy system have been partitioned on the pages of Gianyar City History. The process of autonomy dynamics is quite long since 19 April 1771 until 19 April 2023 today, since the palace city was built as the centre of government of the autonomous kingdom to a district city, the name Gianyar is immortalised. Until now it has been 252 years old, the leaders of the city area, from the king (kingdom) to the Regent (Regency), have their own characteristics and styles and art of governing in the land of artists. Artists who are always down to earth in Gianyar and even worldwide.