Haramiyida

Taxonomy

Order †Haramiyida Hahn, Sigogneau-Russell & Wouters, 1989 [Haramiyoidea Hahn, 1973 sensu McKenna & Bell, 1997]

• †Kirtlingtonia Butler & Hooker, 2005
• Family †Haramiyaviidae Butler, 2000
  • †Haramiyavia Jenkins et al., 1997
• Family †Theroteinidae Sigogneau-Russell, Frank & Hammerle, 1986
  • †Theroteinus nikolai Sigogneau-Russell, Frank & Hammerle, 1986
  • †Theroteinus rosieriensis Sigogneau-Russell, 2016
• Family †Haramiyidae Poche, 1908 [Haramiyidae Simpson, 1947 sensu Jenkins et al., 1997; Microlestidae Murry, 1866; Microcleptidae Simpson, 1928]
  • †Eoraetica
  • †Hypsiprymnopsis rhaeticus Dawkins, 1864 [Microlestes rhaeticus Dawkins, 1864]
  • †Avashishta bacharamensis Anantharaman et al., 2006
  • ?†Allostaffia aenigmatica (Heinrich, 1999) Heinrich 2004 [Staffia Heinrich, 1999 non Schubert, 1911; Staffia aenigmatica Heinrich, 1999]; possible, gondwanathere instead.
  • †Thomasia Poche, 1908 [Haramiya Simpson, 1947; Microlestes Plieninger, 1847 non Schmidt-Goebel, 1846; Microcleptes Simpson, 1928 non Newman, 1840; Plieningeria Krausse, 1919; Stathmodon Henning, 1911]
    • †T. woutersi Butler & MacIntyre, 1994
    • †T. hahni Butler & MacIntyre, 1994
    • †T. moorei (Owen 1871) Butler & MacIntyre, 1994 [Haramiya moorei (Owen, 1871) Simpson, 1947; Microleptes moorei Owen, 1871; Microcleptes moorei (Owen, 1871) Simpson, 1928]
    • †T. antiqua (Plieninger, 1847) Poche 1908 [Microlestes antiquus Plieninger, 1847; Haramiya antiqua (Plieninger, 1847); Microleptes fissurae Simpson, 1928; Haramiya fissurae (Simpson 1928); Haramiya butleri Sigogneau-Russell, 1990; Thomasia anglica Simpson, 1928]
• †Hahnodontidae Sigogneau-Russell, 1991
  • †Cifelliodon wahkarmoosuch Huttenlocker et al., 2018
  • † Denisodon
  • † Hahnodon taqueti Sigogneau-Russell, 1991

• †Euharamiyida Bi et al., 1994
• ?†Gondwanatheria Mones, 1987

Relationships

The relationships of haramiydans to other mammals and mammaliaform cynodonts are controversial and have been subject to numerous conflicting phylogenetic analysis results. Major unresolved questions are whether or not haramiyidans are more closely related to marsupials and placental mammals (Theria) than they are to monotremes (and thus inside the crown group of Mammalia), or whether all living mammals (including therians and monotremes) are more closely related to each other than to haramiyidans (and thus placing Haramiyida outside crown Mammalia) and whether or not haramiyidans are closely related to multituberculates, an important of group of Mesozoic mammaliaforms typically regarded as crown group mammals, as part of the group Allotheria. While many studies recover Triassic haramiyidans and Jurassic euharamiyidans as closely related, some phylogenetic studies have recovered them as unrelated, find the Triassic haramiyidians as non-mammalian cynodonts, while recovering the Euharamiyida as crown-group mammals closely related to multituberculates.

Cladogram from Luo et al 2017, showing a monophyletic Haramiyida outside of crown Mammalia unrelated to Multituberculata:

Cladogram from Han et al. 2017, showing a paraphyletic Haramiyida within crown Mammalia as ancestral to Multituberculata:

Cladogram from Hoffmann et al. 2020, showing a diphyletic Haramiyida.

Simplified cladogram from Mao et al. 2024, showing a paraphyletic Haramiyida closely related to Multituberculata outside of crown Mammalia: