History of Filipino Americans

Timeline

• 1573–1811, Between roughly 1556 and 1813, Spain engaged in the galleon trade between Manila and Acapulco. The galleons were built in the shipyards of Cavite, outside Manila, by Filipino craftsmen. The trade was funded by Chinese traders, manned by Filipino sailors and "supervised" by Mexico City officials. During this time, Spain recruited Mexicans to serve as soldiers in Manila. Likewise, they drafted Filipinos to serve as soldiers in Mexico. Once drafted and posted to the Americas, Filipino soldiers were frequently not returned home.
• 1587, First Filipinos ("Luzonians") to set foot in North America arrive in Morro Bay (San Luis Obispo), California on board the galleon ship Nuestra Senora de Esperanza under the command of Spanish Captain Pedro de Unamuno; Filipinos become the first Asians in California.
• 1595, Filipino were among the crew aboard the San Augustine when it wrecked near Point Reyes, California.
• 1763, First permanent Filipino settlements established in North America near Barataria Bay in southern Louisiana.
• 1769, Filipino sailors aboard the San Carlos die aboard ship in San Diego Bay during the Portolá expedition, and are buried ashore.
• 1779, A Filipino mariner, of the San Jose received their confirmation at Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo; the confirmation was conducted by Fr. Junípero Serra.
• 1781, Antonio Miranda Rodriguez was chosen as a member of the first group of settlers to establish the City of Los Angeles, California. He and his daughter fell sick with smallpox while en route, and remained in Baja California for an extended period to recuperate. When they finally arrived in Alta California, it was realised that Miranda Rodriguez was a skilled gunsmith and he was reassigned in 1782 to the Presidio of Santa Barbara as an armorer. When he died, he was buried at the presidio's chapel.
• 1796, The first American trading ship reaches Manila, the Astrea, under the command of Captain Henry Prince.
• 1814, During the War of 1812, Filipinos residing in Louisiana, referred to as "Manilamen" residing near the city of New Orleans, including the Manila Village, were among the "Baratarians", a group of men who fought with Jean Lafitte and Andrew Jackson in the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812. The battle was fought after the Treaty of Ghent was signed.
• 1861–1865, Approximately 100 Filipinos and Chinese enlist during the American Civil War into the Union Army and Navy, as well as serving, in smaller numbers, in the armed forces of the Confederate States of America.
• 1870, Filipinos mestizos studying in New Orleans form the first Filipino Association in the United States, the "Sociedad de Beneficencia de los Hispanos Filipinos".

• 1888, José Rizal arrives at the port of San Francisco for his trip through the United States.
• 1898, on May 1, the United States Navy decisively defeated Spain in the Battle of Manila Bay, the first battle of the Spanish–American War, beginning the American Colonial Era in the Philippines. On June 12, Filipino revolutionaries declare independence from Spain in Kawit, Cavite. Prior to this year, Ramon Reyes Lala becomes the first naturalized Filipino American.
• 1899, Philippine–American War begins.

• 1901, United States Navy begins recruiting Filipinos.
• 1902, Philippine–American War ends. Philippine Bill of 1902 passed by the U.S. Congress.
• 1903, First Pensionados, Filipinos invited to attend college in the United States on American government scholarships, arrive.
• 1906, First Filipino laborers migrate to the United States to work on the Hawaiian sugarcane and pineapple plantations, California and Washington asparagus farms, Washington lumbercamps and Alaska salmon canneries. About 200 Filipino "pensionados" are brought to the U.S. to get an American education.
• 1907, Benito Legarda and Pablo Ocampo, become the first Resident Commissioners from the Philippines, in the United States House of Representatives.
• 1910, First Filipino, Vicente Lim, attends West Point.
• 1911, José B. Nísperos becomes the first Asian American to be awarded the Medal of Honor. Nevada became the first state to include Filipinos, referring to them as "Malays", in their miscegenation law.
• 1912, Filipino Association of Philadelphia (now known as Filipino American Association of Philadelphia, Inc., or FAAPI) is founded by Agripino Jaucian; it is perhaps the oldest Filipino organization in continuous existence in the United States. The name change came about to include the growing number of American wives.
• 1913, Several months after the Battle of Bud Bagsak, armed resistance ended, finishing the Moro Rebellion.
• 1915, Telesforo Trinidad becomes the only Asian American sailor, as of 2010, to earn the Medal of Honor.
• 1917, Philippine National Guard mustered into federal service
• 1919, USS Rizal is commissioned into the United States Navy. On August 31 lawyer and community leader Pablo Manlapit organizes the Filipino Labor Federation to demand higher wages and better working conditions for sakadas.
• 1920s, Filipino labor leaders organize unions and strategic strikes to improve working and living conditions. Among the union organizers there were individuals who had harbored communist sentiments, as well as those who were nationalistic and anti-communist.
• 1924, during a labor strike in Hawaii, as a result of violence by Visayans strikers against Ilocano non-strikers, 16 strikers and four law enforcement officials were killed during the Hanapepe massacre.
• 1927, Anti-Filipino riots occur in the Yakima Valley, Washington.
• 1928, Filipino businessman Pedro Flores opens Flores yo-yos, which is credited with starting the yo-yo craze in the United States. He came up with and copyrighted the word "yo-yo". He also applied for and received a trademark for the Flores Yo-yo, which was registered on July 22, 1930. His company went on to become the foundation of the later Duncan yo-yo company. Anti-Filipino riots occur in the Wenatchee Valley.
• 1929, An anti-Filipino riot occurs in Exeter, California.
• 1930, Anti-Filipino riots break out in Watsonville and other California rural communities, in part because of Filipino men having intimate relations with white women, which was in violation of the California anti-miscegenation laws of the time. The Filipino Federation of America building in Stockton was bombed. A Filipino labor camp was bombed in the Imperial Valley.
• 1933, After the Supreme Court of California found in Roldan v. Los Angeles County that existing laws against marriage between white persons and "Mongoloids" did not bar a Filipino man from marrying a white woman, California's anti-miscegenation law, Civil Code Section 60 was amended to prohibit marriages between white persons and members of the "Malay race" (e.g. Filipinos).
• 1934, The Tydings–McDuffie Act, known as the Philippine Independence Act, limited Filipino immigration to the U.S. to 50 persons a year (not to apply to persons coming or seeking to come to the Territory of Hawaii); A Filipino Labor Union Incorporated camp was attacked in Salinas after a failed strike.
• 1935, Philippines becomes self-governing with the Commonwealth of the Philippines inaugurated. The Filipino Repatriation Act of 1935 provided free one-way transportation for Filipinos wishing to repatriate, but was largely unsuccessful.
• 1936, Fe del Mundo continues her education at Harvard Medical School.

• 1941, Washington Supreme Court rules unconstitutional the Anti-Alien Land Law of 1937 which banned Filipino Americans from owning land.
• Early 1942, Filipinos communities in the United States began to designate themselves as Filipinos to avoid anti-Japanese discrimination
• April 1942, First and Second Filipino Regiments formed in the U.S. composed of Filipino agricultural workers.

• May 1942, After the fall of Bataan and Coregidor to the Japanese, the U.S. Congress passes a law which grants U.S. citizenship to Filipinos and other aliens who served under the U.S. Armed Forces.

• 1946, President Truman signs the Rescission Act of 1946, taking away the veterans benefits pledged to Filipino service members during world War II. Only four thousand service members were able to gain citizenship during this period. The United States recognizes Philippine Independence through the Treaty of Manila. America Is in the Heart by Carlos Bulosan published. Filipino Naturalization Act allows naturalization of Filipino Americans, granted citizenship to those who arrived prior to March 1943.
• 1948, Vicki Draves wins two Olympic gold medals; as of 2010 is the only Filipino to have won a gold medal. California Supreme Court rules California's anti-miscegenation law unconstitutional in the case of Perez v. Sharp, ending racially based prohibitions on marriage in the state (although it wasn't until Loving v. Virginia in 1967 that interracial marriages were legalized nationwide). Celestino Alfafara wins California Supreme Court decision allowing aliens the right to own property.
• 1955, Peter Aduja becomes first Filipino American elected to office as a member of the Hawaii Territorial House of Representatives.
• 1956, Bobby Balcena becomes first Asian American to play Major League baseball, playing for the Cincinnati Reds.
• 1965, Congress passes the Immigration and Nationality Act which facilitates entry for skilled Filipino workers. Delano grape strike begins when members of Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee led by Philip Vera Cruz, Larry Dulay Itliong, Benjamin Gines, Mariano Armington, Andy Imutan and Pete Velasco with mostly Filipino farm workers. The last Filipino village, Manila Village, in the Louisiana Bayou is destroyed by Hurricane Betsy.
• 1967, The Philippine (now Pilipino) American Collegiate Endeavor (PACE) founded at San Francisco State College (now San Francisco State University).
• 1969, Filipino Students Association (FSA) founded by Filipino American students at University of California, Berkeley during the Third World Movement; later renamed the Pilipino American Alliance. Dr. Antonio Ragadio, President of the Filipino Dental Association of Northern California, and Estrella Salaver, President and Founder of the Philippine American Cultural Foundation, work with Assemblyman Willie Brown and Senator Milton Marks to pass bill allowing Filipino and other foreign dentists to take the California qualifying examinations to practice in California.
• 1972, United States Coast Guard discontinued its program to enlist Filipinos from the Philippines.
• 1973, Larry Asera becomes the first Filipino American elected in the Continental United States, being elected to the city council of Vallejo.
• 1974, Benjamin Menor appointed first Filipino American in a state's highest judiciary office as Justice of the Hawaii State Supreme Court. Thelma Buchholdt is the first Filipino American, and first Asian American, woman elected to a state legislature in the United States, in the Alaska House of Representatives.
• 1975, Kauai's Eduardo Malapit elected first Filipino American mayor in the United States.
• 1977, Evictions are carried out of elderly Filipinos from the International Hotel in Manilatown, San Francisco, effectively ending the community.

• 1978, Alfred Laureta becomes the first Filipino American federal judge, serving on the District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands.
• 1981, Filipino American labor activists Silme Domingo and Gene Viernes are both assassinated June 1, 1981, inside a Seattle downtown union hall. International Hotel in Manilatown, San Francisco is demolished.
• 1983, California Governor Jerry Brown appoints Ronald Quidachay as first Filipino-American judge to the San Francisco Municipal Court.
• 1990, David Mercado Valderrama becomes first Filipino American elected to a state legislature in the Continental United States, serving Prince George's County in Maryland. Immigration reform Act of 1990 is passed by the U.S. Congress granting U.S. citizenship to Filipino World War II veterans; more than 20,000 veterans naturalized due to the act.
• 1992, Velma Veloria becomes first Asian American elected to the Washington State Legislature. Bobby Scott becomes the first person with Filipino heritage elected to the United States House of Representatives. Eleanor Mariano becomes the first female Physician to the President; later Mariano becomes the first female director of the White House Medical Unit (1994), and the first Filipino American flag officer (2000). The United States Navy ends its program to enlist Filipinos from the Philippines, due to the end of the Military Base Agreement.
• 1994, Benjamin J. Cayetano becomes the first Filipino American governor in the United States.
• 1995, The nation's largest Filipino mural, Gintong Kasaysayan, Gintong Pamana (Filipino Americans: A Glorious History, A Golden Legacy) in Los Angeles is unveiled and dedicated with over 600 people attending. Edward Soriano becomes the first Filipino American general officer.
• 1999, U.S. postal worker Joseph Ileto was murdered in a hate crime in Chatsworth, California, and whose death is often overlooked outside of the Filipino American community. The Carlos Bulosan Memorial Exhibit opens in Seattle's Eastern Hotel in the International District, honoring the Filipino novelist and poet Carlos Bulosan. A street on Fort Sam Houston is named after Medal of Honor recipient Jose Calugas.
• 2000, Robert Bunda elected Hawaii Senate President, the First Filipino American to hold the position. Angela Perez Baraquio becomes first Filipino American crowned as Miss America. John Ensign, who has a Filipino great-grandparent, is elected to the United States Senate.
• 2002, in April, the Bataan Death March Memorial, is dedicated in Las Cruces, New Mexico; it is the first, and only, federally funded memorial for the Bataan Death March. In August, Historic Filipinotown is designated by Los Angeles
• 2003, Philippine Republic Act No. 9225, also known as the Citizenship Retention and Re-Acquisition Act of 2003 enacted, allowing natural-born Filipinos naturalized in the United States and their unmarried minor children to reclaim Filipino nationality and hold dual citizenship.
• 2005, Hurricane Katrina impacts New Orleans, damaging or destroying the work of Marina Espina, research of Filipino history in New Orleans dating back to the 18th century; it also displaced many Filipino American families that lived in the area for over 7 generations.
• 2006, first monument dedicated to Filipino soldiers who fought for the United States in World War II unveiled in Historic Filipinotown, Los Angeles, California. A portion of California State Route 54 is named the Filipino-American Highway. Congress passes legislation that commemorates 100 Years of Filipino Migration to the United States. Hawaii celebrates the centennial of Filipinos in Hawaii.
• 2007, First American public park built with Filipino themed design features unveiled in LA's Historic Filipinotown.
• 2008, Bruce Reyes-Chow, 3rd generation Filipino and Chinese American was Elected Moderator of Presbyterian Church (USA).
• 2009, Filipino American History Month is recognized in California. Steve Austria becomes "the first, first-generation Filipino to be elected to the United States Congress." Mona Pasquil becomes first Filipino American, and first Asian American, lieutenant governor of California.
• 2011, Amado Gabriel Esteban becomes the first Filipino American president of a university, Seton Hall University, in the United States.
• 2012, Lorna G. Schofield becomes a Filipino American federal judge. Rob Bonta, becomes the first Filipino American elected to the California State Legislature.
• 2013, California passed legislation that required that Filipino contributions to the state's history be included in the curriculum.
• 2014, an overpass on the Filipino-American Highway is named Itliong-Vera Cruz Memorial Bridge, named for two prominent Filipino American leaders of the Delano Grape Strike, Larry Itliong and Philip Vera Cruz
• 2015, Ralph Deleon, who was later highlighted in a 2016 speech about immigration by then-presidential candidate Donald Trump, is convicted of provide material support to terrorists. Itliong-Vera Cruz Middle School, in Union City, California becomes the first school in the United States named for a Filipino American.
• 2017, Oscar A. Solis becomes the first Filipino American Catholic diocesan bishop in the United States; he was elevated to a bishop in Los Angeles in 2004, being the first Filipino American bishop.
• 2018, Erin Entrada Kelly becomes the first Filipino American to win the John Newbery Medal for the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children. Robert Lopez becomes the first person to earn a double Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards winner (EGOT).
• 2019, Darren Criss becomes the first Filipino American to win a Golden Globe.
• 2020, Dozens of Filipino American healthcare workers have died due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the New Jersey-New York area, and elsewhere. Of all nurses who died with a COVID-19 infection nationally in 2020, almost a third were Filipino Americans.