Manufacturing readiness level

The Government Accountability Office (GAO) has described it as best practice for improving acquisition outcomes. It was developed by the United States Department of Defense (DOD), who adopted the usage of MRLs in 2005. However, GAO continued to note inconsistent application across DOD components. In 2011, consideration of manufacturing readiness and related processes of potential contractors and subcontractors was made mandatory as part of the source selection process in major acquisition programs.

MRLs are quantitative measures used to assess the maturity of a given technology, component or system from a manufacturing perspective. They are used to provide decision makers at all levels with a common understanding of the relative maturity and attendant risks associated with manufacturing technologies, products, and processes being considered. Manufacturing risk identification and management must begin at the earliest stages of technology development, and continue vigorously throughout each stage of a program’s life-cycles.

Manufacturing readiness level definitions were developed by a joint DOD/industry working group under the sponsorship of the Joint Defense Manufacturing Technology Panel (JDMTP). The intent was to create a measurement scale that would serve the same purpose for manufacturing readiness as Technology Readiness Levels serve for technology readiness – to provide a common metric and vocabulary for assessing and discussing manufacturing maturity, risk and readiness. MRLs were designed with a numbering system to be roughly congruent with comparable levels of TRLs for synergy and ease of understanding and use.

Purpose

• Manufacturing risk identification and management must begin at the earliest stages of technology development, and continue vigorously throughout each stage of a program's life-cycle
• Matters of manufacturing readiness and producibility are as important to the successful development of a system as those of readiness and capabilities of the technologies intended for the system

MRLs are assessed to:

• Define the current level of manufacturing maturity
• Identify maturity shortfalls and associated costs and risks
• Provide the basis for manufacturing maturation and risk management

Immature manufacturing processes may lead to the following problems:

• Inattention to manufacturing during planning and design
• Poor supplier management planning
• Lack of workforce knowledge and skills

Assessing technology readiness levels does leave some major transition questions unanswered:

• Is the level of performance reproducible?
• What will these cost in production?
• Can these be made in a production environment by someone without a PhD?
• Are suppliers monitored and evaluated?
• Are key materials and components available?
• Are the limits for production scalability identified?

Manufacturing readiness assessments (MRAs) address these unanswered questions in order to reduce manufacturing risk. However, it still does not address the question of whether the product is reliable or maintainable.