Milking
Extracting milk from a mammal
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Hand milking
Hand milking is the process of manually squeezing milk from an animal's teats, typically done with two hands to express milk into a bucket. It involves first cleaning the udder and teats, then gripping the base of a teat with your thumb and forefinger to trap milk, and finally squeezing downward with your other fingers to push the milk out.
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Machine milking
Most milking in the developed world is done using milking machines. Teat cups are attached to the cow's teats, and then the cups alternate between vacuum and normal air pressure to extract the milk. The milk is filtered and cooled before being added to a large bulk tank of milk for storage.
The average time of milking is 5–7 minutes and a cow can be milked with a machine 2–3 times a day.
The existing robotic milking has allowed cows to have the freedom to decide when to milk, but still needs to make contact with people.
A known side effect of machine milking is mastitis in cows. Non-sterile machines can introduce bacteria into the teat and cause infection. Another side effect is physical teat damage by the machine.
Venom milking
The word "milking" is also used by extension to describe the removal of venom from snakes and spiders for the production of antivenom.
Spider venom milking can be done either by manual stimulation or with electrical stimulation. The former causes greater trauma to the spider and the latter produces venom of high quality.