Pembina–Emerson Border Crossing

Over one million travellers are processed at this border crossing each year, making it the second busiest along the Canada–United States border west of the Great Lakes, behind only the Pacific Highway Border Crossing between British Columbia and Washington state. The Pembina border station is the easternmost in North Dakota, located approximately 300 metres (980 feet) west of the Red River of the North, the state's boundary with Minnesota. A separate border crossing between Emerson and nearby Noyes, Minnesota was in operation until 2006.

The POE sits along an international trade corridor, making it an important commercial port for both countries. It is among the top five Canada-US crossings in terms of truck trade value, which was at CA$16.9 billion (approx.) in 2011. Likewise, around 360,000 commercial trucks crossed at this location in that year, which grew to around 400,000 by 2013. This number is forecast to grow by about 58% by the year 2035. The Pembina and Emerson ports also manage the rail inspection stations next to the former Noyes–Emerson East border crossing, where the BNSF Railway connects with the Canadian National Railway and the Canadian Pacific Railway connects with the Soo Line Railroad, its U.S. subsidiary.

History

In 1871, the port of Emerson was established as the first land border customs station in Canada. It was created to protect and ultimately collect duty for trade with the Hudson's Bay Company trading post that was attacked in a Fenian Raid, and subsequently liberated by the U.S. Cavalry earlier that year. Though no longer active, the original customs building in Emerson still stands today.

For many years, there were two roads entering Canada at Emerson: the popular Jefferson Highway (U.S. Route 75) entered from Noyes, Minnesota, and the Meridian Highway (U.S. Route 81) entered from Pembina, North Dakota. All Canada-bound traffic was directed to the brick customs building in downtown Emerson, which has since been converted into the Emerson Health Centre. In the mid-1950s, Canada built separate inspection stations at the border on both roads. The crossing across from Pembina was called "West Lynne"—the name of the small village that had been absorbed by the Town of Emerson in 1883—while the larger crossing across from Noyes was known as "Emerson East."

The modern Pembina–West Lynne border crossing opened in 1964 while I-29 was under construction (the final section of I-29 from Joliette to the border was not completed until 1977). The facilities on the former U.S. Route 81 located a short distance to the east were closed and demolished a few years later. The completion of I-29, together with the reconfiguration of Manitoba Highways 75 and 29 in the 1980s, diverted most cross-border traffic to Pembina–West Lynne, which supplanted Noyes–Emerson East as the region's main crossing for both commercial and passenger traffic. The Canadian and American governments closed the Emerson East and Noyes border stations in 2003 and 2006, respectively, and merged rail inspection operations with the ports at West Lynne and Pembina. The West Lynne border station was renamed Emerson following the closure of Emerson East in 2003.

Both countries initiated expansion projects in 2017 to significantly upgrade facilities and road infrastructure at the border crossing. This was the first renovation project for the U.S. POE since 1996 and for the Canadian POE since 1999. The upgrades at the border station were completed in 2018; however Manitoba's provincial government remains in the process of redeveloping PTH 75 at Emerson. A proposal was submitted by local authorities in 2019 to establish a port authority on the Canadian side to manage commercial activities and public infrastructure in the vicinity of the Emerson border station. This proposal remains under review by federal and provincial authorities as of October 2020.

Fort Dufferin is a Canadian historic site located near the Pembina–Emerson crossing. The fort is a former Canadian police post and base for the North American Boundary Commission, which surveyed and marked the international border as defined in the Treaty of 1818. Fort Dufferin was later used as a customs and immigration for steamboats entering Canada via the Red River.