Political institutions of ancient Rome

Legislatures

• Roman Senate
• Roman assemblies
• Roman Curia
• Comitia curiata
• Comitia centuriata
• Comitia tributa
• Concilium plebis

State offices

• aedile – Roman republican magistrate charged with city maintenance and order
• agentes in rebus – Late Roman Imperial Courier Service
• a rationibus – Secretary of finance in the Roman Empire
• censor – Roman magistrate and census administrator
• comes – Latin word for companion, Roman court title
• comes palatinus – High-level official attached to imperial or royal courts in Europe since Roman times
• consul – Political office in ancient Rome
• consularis – Ancient Roman title, given to those who had served as consuls
• decemviri – 10-man commission in the Roman Republic
• dictator – Extraordinary magistrate of the Roman Republic
• dux – Roman title
• emperor – Ruler of the Roman Empire
• governor – Position
• imperator – Rank in ancient Rome
• legatus – High-ranking Roman military officer
• legatus Augusti pro praetore – Provincial governors in the Roman Empire
• lictor – Bodyguard and attendant to ancient Roman magistrates
• magistrate – Elected official in ancient Rome
• officium – Latin word with various meanings
• pontifex maximus – Chief high priest in ancient Rome
• praefectus – Prefect in ancient Rome
• praepositus sacri cubiculi
• praeses – Latin word
• praetor – Magistrate of the Roman Republic
• praetor peregrinus – Magistrate of the Roman Republic
• primicerius – Ancient Roman title
• princeps – Ancient Roman title
• princeps senatus – First member by precedence of the Roman Senate
• proconsul – Governor of a province in the Roman republic
• procurator – Administrative title in the Roman Empire
• promagistrates – Ancient Roman office
• quaestor – Public official in ancient Rome
• rationalis – Roman Empire finance minister role
• rector – Political function in Rome and in medieval republics
• rex – Chief magistrate of the Roman Kingdom
• senator – Political institution in ancient Rome
• tribune – Elected Roman officials
• triumviri – Commission of three men in ancient Rome
• vicarius – Latin word meaning substitute or deputy
• vigintisexviri – College of minor magistrates of the Roman Republic

Lists of individual office holders

• List of Roman kings
• List of Roman consuls
• List of Roman emperors
• List of principes senatus
• List of Roman censors
• List of Roman governors of Britain

Political factions

• Optimates
• Populares

(also see Conflict of the Orders)

Social ranks

• Nobles
• Patricians
• Equites
• Plebs
• Adsidui
• Proletarians
• Capite censi
• Slaves

Glossary of law and politics

• aerarium – Public treasury in ancient Rome
• aequitas – Roman legal concept
• auctoritas – Roman prestige; contrast with power, imperium
• civitas – Roman concept of citizenry as an entity united by law
• collegia – Any association in ancient Rome that acted as a legal entity
• consilium
• consortium – Association of two or more individuals and/or organizations to achieve a common goal
• consuetudo – Legal principle
• contractus
• contractus litteris
• curiae – Assembly where issues are discussed and decided
• cursus honorum – Sequential order of public offices held by politicians in Ancient Rome
• decreta – Edict or proclamation usually issued by a head of state
• delectum – Civil wrong
• edicta – Announcement of a law, often associated with monarchism
• fiscus – Imperial Roman treasury
• fiducia
• gravitas – Ancient Roman virtue
• imperium – Type of authority in ancient Rome
• iudex – Person who is going to decide a decision according to the law in the court
• ius – Rights to citizenship virtue in ancient Rome
• lex
• libertas – Roman goddess of liberty
• mos maiorum – Customs and traditions of ancient Rome
• munera – Public works and entertainment paid for by aristocrats of ancient Rome
• municipium – Ancient Roman term for a town or city
• obligatio – Course of action someone must take
• Palatine – High-level official attached to imperial or royal courts in Europe since Roman times
• patria
• pietas – Ancient Roman virtue
• potestas – Latin word meaning power or faculty
• responsa – Body of written legal decisions and rulings
• provincia – Ancient Roman administrative regions
• ratio – Relationship between two numbers of the same kind
• senatus consultum – Resolution of the ancient Roman Senate
• stipulatio – Form of contract in Ancient Roman law
• First Triumvirate – Alliance between Roman politicians Caesar, Pompey and Crassus
• Second Triumvirate – Roman political entity (43–32 BC)