Self-coup

From 1946 to the beginning of 2021, an estimated 148 self-coup attempts took place, 110 in autocracies and 38 in democracies.

List of self-coups

• Roman Republic: Julius Caesar (February 44 BC; when declared dictator perpetuo)
• Central America: President Manuel José Arce (October 10, 1826)
• France: President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (December 2, 1851)
• Uruguay: President Juan Lindolfo Cuestas (February 10, 1898)
• Austria: Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss (March 15, 1933)
• Germany: Chancellor Adolf Hitler (March 23, 1933 / August 2, 1934)
• Uruguay: President Gabriel Terra (March 31, 1933)
• Estonia: Prime Minister in duties of the State Elder Konstantin Päts (March 12, 1934)
• Brazil: President Getúlio Vargas (November 10, 1937)
• Uruguay: President Alfredo Baldomir (February 21, 1942)
• Romania: King Michael I of Romania (August 23, 1944)
• Bolivia: President Mamerto Urriolagoitía (May 16, 1951)
• Pakistan: Governor-General Ghulam Muhammad (April 1953 – September 21, 1954)
• Indonesia: President Sukarno (July 5, 1959)
• Philippines: President Ferdinand Marcos (September 23, 1972)
• South Korea: President Park Chung Hee (October 17, 1972)
• Swaziland: King Sobhuza II (April 12, 1973)
• Uruguay: President Juan María Bordaberry (June 27, 1973)
• Peru: President Alberto Fujimori (April 5, 1992)
• Russia: President Boris Yeltsin (September 21, 1993)
• Cambodia: Prime Minister Hun Sen (July 1997)
• Venezuela: President Nicolás Maduro (March 29, 2017)
• Peru: President Martín Vizcarra (September 30, 2019)
• Malaysia: Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin (February 29, 2020)
• Russia: President Vladimir Putin (July 4, 2020)
• El Salvador: President Nayib Bukele (May 1, 2021)
• Tunisia: President Kais Saied (July 25, 2021)
• Sudan: Chairman of the Sovereignty Council Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (October 25, 2021)