Self-denial
Act or mindset of putting things above one's own needs
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Positive effects
There is evidence that short-term fasting (denying oneself food temporarily) can have positive effects on health. More broadly, self-denial has also been linked to inhibitory control and emotional self-regulation, which research suggests can be of benefit. Similarly, just as scarcity can lead people to focus on enjoying an experience more deeply, self-denial can enhance appreciation. This is particularly relevant because people tend to grow accustomed to material goods through hedonic adaptation, making them less likely to savor everyday pleasures.
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Negative effects
Others argue self-denial involves avoidance and holding back of happiness and pleasurable experiences from oneself that is only damaging to other people. Some argue it is a form of micro-suicide because it is threatening to an individual's physical health, emotional well-being, or personal goals.
Religion and self-denial
Self-denial can constitute an important element of religious practice in various belief systems. An exemplification is the self-denial advocated by several Christian confessions where it is believed to be a means of reaching happiness and a deeper religious understanding, sometimes described as 'becoming a true follower of Christ'. The foundation of self-denial in the Christian context is based on the recognition of a higher God-given will, which the Christian practitioner chooses to adhere to, and prioritize over his or her own will or desires. This can in daily life be expressed by renunciation of certain physically pleasureable, yet from a religious stand-point inappropriate activities, sometimes referred to as 'desires of the flesh', which e.g. could entail certain sexual practices and over-indulgent eating or drinking. In the Christian faith, Jesus is often mentioned as a positive example of self-denial, both in relation to the deeds performed during his life, as well as the sacrifice attributed to his death.