Sorangium cellulosum
- 2 min read
- 3 chapters
Related on Lably
Through Gram-negative bacteria, Bacteria and Genome
Ecology
S. cellulosum is found in soils, animal feces, and tree bark. The bacterium is a saprophyte deriving its nutrition from cellulose aerobically. It is a prolific producer of secondary fungicides and bactericides that reduce competition in soil environments. In lab samples, S. cellulosum grows on agar medium only when certain cell densities are plated. Quorum-sensing allows Sorangium to grow in communities sufficiently large to metabolize cellulose.
Sign in to keep reading
2 more chapters are free with a Lably account.
Secondary compounds
Sorangium produces 50% of all known metabolites produced by myxobacteria. These include compounds that are antifungal, antibacterial, antibiotic resistant, or can even disable mammalian cells. These many compounds have sparked intense mining of its extensive genome in exploration of possible industrial and medical applications. Some of these secondary compounds include:
- Ambruticin and Jerangolid A - Antifungal agents.
- Chivosazol - a compound that destroys the actin skeleton of eukaryotic cells. It is effective against both fungal and mammalian cells.
- Epothilones - Compounds that target microtubule function leading to apoptosis. Some derivatives are used to treat human cancers.
- Myxochelin A - Antibacterial agent that acts by sequestering iron in the environment.
- Soraphen A - An agent highly effective against plant-pathogenic fungi. It was extensively researched for agricultural use until it was discovered to be a teratogen.
Industrial fermentation and genetic manipulation of S. cellulosum is challenging. Plasmids have been found to not function in S. cellulosum cells. Reproducible genetic alterations must be made directly into the single circular chromosome.
Clinical use
Metabolites secreted by Sorangium cellulosum known as epothilones have been noted to have antineoplastic activity. This has led to the development of analogs which mimic its activity. One such analog, known as ixabepilone is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved chemotherapy agent for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.