Tropane alkaloid

Classification

Anticholinergics

Anticholinergic drugs and deliriants:

• Atropine, racemic hyoscyamine, from the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna)
• Hyoscyamine, the levo-isomer of atropine, from henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), mandrake (Mandragora officinarum) and the sorcerers' tree (Latua pubiflora).
• Scopolamine, from henbane and Datura species (Jimson weed)

All three chemicals can also be found in the leaves, stems, and flowers in varying, unknown amounts in Brugmansia (angel trumpets), a relative of Datura. The same is also true of many other plants belonging to subfamily Solanoideae of the Solanaceae, the alkaloids being concentrated particularly in the leaves and seeds. However, the concentration of alkaloids can vary greatly, even from leaf to leaf and seed to seed.

Stimulants

Stimulants (cocaine-related alkaloids):

• Cocaine, from coca plant (Erythroxylum coca)
• Ecgonine, a precursor and metabolite of cocaine
• Benzoylecgonine, a metabolite of cocaine
• Hydroxytropacocaine, from coca plant (Erythroxylum coca)
• Methylecgonine cinnamate, from coca plant (Erythroxylum coca)

Others

• Catuabines, found in catuaba, an infusion or dry extract made from Erythroxylum vaccinifolium
• Scopine
• Synthetic analogs of tropane alkaloids also exist, they are known as phenyltropanes.