Convex Lens: Image Formation

Also called

convex lens · converging lens · concave lens · diverging lens · lens ray diagram · focal length · principal focus · optical centre · 2F · real image · virtual image · magnifying glass · lens formula · magnification · refraction through a lens · उत्तल लेंस · अवतल लेंस · फोकस दूरी

Topics

• A convex lens is thicker in the middle; rays parallel to the axis refract through the focus F on the far side.
• A lens has two foci, F1 and F2, one on each side, at the same distance f from the optical centre.
• A ray through the optical centre passes straight on without bending.
• Object beyond 2F1: the image forms between F2 and 2F2, real, inverted and smaller.
• Object at 2F1: the image forms at 2F2, real, inverted and the same size.
• Object between F1 and 2F1: the image forms beyond 2F2, real, inverted and enlarged.
• Object at F1: the refracted rays are parallel, so the image is at infinity.
• Object inside F1: the image is on the same side, virtual, erect and enlarged: this is a magnifying glass.
• A concave lens spreads rays out; its image is always virtual, erect and smaller, between F1 and the lens.

About this model

A GLB file of about 388 KB, shown in Lably's 3D viewer and, on a phone, placed in your room with AR. Credit: Model, science and animation: Lably (built procedurally with three.js; no downloaded meshes). | CC BY 4.0. Original geometry and animation made for Lably.

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