Homologous and Analogous Organs

Also called

homologous organs · analogous organs · forelimb bones · human arm · bat wing · whale flipper · bird wing · insect wing · humerus radius ulna · common ancestor · divergent evolution · convergent evolution · evidence of evolution · pentadactyl limb · समजात अंग · समवृत्ति अंग · विकास

Topics

• Homologous organs share one structure and origin but do different jobs: forelimbs of a human, bat, whale and bird.
• Each of these forelimbs has one humerus, a radius and an ulna, a cluster of carpals and digits, in the same order.
• The shared bone plan was inherited from a common ancestor, then adapted to lifting, flying and swimming.
• Analogous organs do the same job but are built differently: a bird’s wing has bones, an insect’s wing only veins.
• Homologous organs are evidence of divergent evolution; analogous organs arise by convergent evolution.
• Both kinds of organ, with fossils and embryos, are evidence that living things have changed over long periods of time.

About this model

A GLB file of about 276 KB, shown in Lably's 3D viewer and, on a phone, placed in your room with AR. Credit: Model, science and animation: Lably (built procedurally with three.js; no downloaded meshes). | CC BY 4.0. Original geometry and animation made for Lably.

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