Neutralisation at Ion Level

Also called

neutralisation · neutralization reaction · acid base reaction · H+ and OH- ions · hydrogen ion · hydroxide ion · hydronium ion · HCl and NaOH · salt and water · sodium chloride crystals · exothermic reaction · spectator ions · ionisation of acids and bases · evaporation of salt solution · acids bases and salts · उदासीनीकरण · अम्ल क्षार अभिक्रिया · लवण

Topics

• An acid in water gives hydrogen ions, H⁺: HCl → H⁺ + Cl⁻. The H⁺ ions are what make it an acid.
• A base in water gives hydroxide ions, OH⁻: NaOH → Na⁺ + OH⁻. The OH⁻ ions make it a base.
• Neutralisation is H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O: one hydrogen ion cancels one hydroxide ion and water forms.
• Na⁺ and Cl⁻ take no part; they stay in solution as spectator ions and together make the salt.
• Acid + base → salt + water: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O.
• Evaporating the neutral solution leaves the salt behind as white cubic crystals of sodium chloride.
• Neutralisation gives out heat (it is exothermic), so a thermometer in the mixture rises.
• H⁺ never floats free in water; it rides on a water molecule as the hydronium ion, H₃O⁺.

About this model

A GLB file of about 334 KB, shown in Lably's 3D viewer and, on a phone, placed in your room with AR. Credit: Model, science and animation: Lably (built procedurally with three.js; no downloaded meshes). | CC BY 4.0. Original geometry and animation made for Lably.

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