Banjarese language
Native language of Banjarese people
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Related on Lably
Through Singapore and Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Banjarese also has a significant population in other provinces of Indonesia, especially in Sumatra (Riau and North Sumatra), and some regencies of Riau have a Banjarese-majority population, such as Indragiri Hilir Regency.
Apart from the native Banjarese in Indonesia, the Banjarese language also spoken by a small Banjarese diaspora abroad, notably in the Malaysian states of Perak, Selangor, Kedah and Johor, with significant minorities in Sabah, Brunei Darussalam and Singapore; however, they tend to not use it as their primary language, and their degree of fluency is questionable.
Dialects
There are at least two divisions of dialects within the Banjarese language:
- Banjar Hulu
- Banjar Kuala
According to Cense, the Banjar Hulu dialect are predominantly spoken by Banjarese people in the South Hulu Sungai Regency and North Hulu Sungai Regency regions. Berangas language, a Barito language that is almost extinct in South Kalimantan, also has a close relationship with Banjar Kuala dialect, where it absorbs much of the Banjarese language vocabulary, but lexically it is closer to other Barito languages, especially Bakumpai language.
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Phonology
Consonants
The consonantal inventory of Banjarese language is shown below. All but occur at the onset of a syllable:
- is an allophone of at the end of a word.
- The following consonants can close a CVC syllable: . Words cannot begin with consonant clusters. Within a root, an NC sequence will always be homorganic, though reduplication and a few prefixes such as sing- can produce other sequences, e.g. . Other medial sequences include and .
Vowels
Sudarmo finds five monophthongs:
is an allophone of .
Durasid finds three monophthongs and three diphthongs in Pahuluan Banjarese:
Regionally, has an allophone and has an allophone . The diphthongs are . Loans with /e/ or /o/ are assimilated to these three vowels. E.g. kréték is realized as . However, since most Banjarese speakers are effectively bilingual, this realization becomes rarer.
Alphabet
The standard alphabet is as follows:
Sample text
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Banjarese:
Sabarataan urang ngitu diranakakan bibas lagi sama rata di dalam harga diri wan hak-haknya. Sabarataan dibarii akal wan hati nurani, maka handaknya bekelakuan gasan sesama jua di dalam jiwa kasaraban.
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in English:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.