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- Machine ethicsMoral behaviours of man-made machines
- MadhyamakaBuddhist philosophy founded by Nagarjuna
- Maiden speechIntroductory speech of a newly elected member of a legislature
- MaitreyiVedic philosopher from ancient India
- Maksymilian CiężkiMaksymilian Ciężki ( ; Samter, Province of Posen (now Szamotuły, Poland), 24 November 1898
- Mana (Mandaeism)Mandaean concept of nous or consciousness
- Manda (Mandaeism)Concept of knowledge or gnosis in Mandaeism
- Manda d-HayyiSavior figure in Mandaeism
- Mandaean cosmologyConception of the universe in the religion of Mandaeism
- Mandaean nameMandaean names can include both birth names (i.e., secular names) and baptismal names (i.e
- Mandaean priestOrdained religious leader in Mandaeism
- Mandukya UpanishadAncient Sanskrit scripture
- Manfred FrankGerman philosopher (born 1945)
- Manuel DeLandaMexican-American writer, artist, and philosopher
- Marc-Michel ReyMarc-Michel Rey (French: ; 5 May 1720 – 8 June 1780) was an influential publisher in the U
- Marilena de Souza ChauiBrazilian philosopher
- Mario BungeArgentine-Canadian philosopher (1919–2020)
- Mark Edward LewisMark Edward Lewis (Chinese: 陆威仪; pinyin: Lù Wēiyí; born September 25, 1954) is an American
- Marquis de CondorcetFrench philosopher and mathematician (1743–1794)
- Marriage and Morals1929 book by Bertrand Russell
- Marshall BermanAmerican philosopher and Marxist humanist writer
- Marsilio FicinoItalian philosopher and Catholic priest (1433–1499)
- Marsilius of PaduaItalian philosopher (c. 1275–1342)
- Marthe RobinMarthe Robin (13 March 1902 in Châteauneuf-de-Galaure, Drôme, France – 6 February 1981 in
- Martianus CapellaLatin prose writer of late antiquity
- Martin BuberAustrian-Israeli philosopher (1878–1965)
- Martin Davis (mathematician)American mathematician (1928–2023)
- Martin Heidegger and NazismPolitical controversy in philosophy studies
- Martin of Braga6th century Archbishop of Braga in Portugal
- Martine RothblattAmerican lawyer, writer and businessperson
- Marxist aestheticsAesthetic theory
- Masalit genocideOngoing genocide in West Darfur, Sudan
- Masao AbeJapanese Buddhist
- MasbutaBaptism ritual practiced in the Mandaean religion
- MasiqtaMass or ritual practiced in the Mandaean religion
- Master–slave moralityCentral theme of Friedrich Nietzsche's works
- MatartaWatch-house or purgatory in Mandaean cosmology
- Material implication (rule of inference)Rule of replacement in propositional logic
- Material inferenceProcess in logic
- MaterialismPhilosophical view that matter is the fundamental substance of nature
- MaternalismValues associated with motherhood
- Mathematical fallacyCertain type of mistaken proof
- Mathematical PlatonismForm of realism that suggests that mathematical entities are abstract
- MathematicismUse of mathematics as a philosophical framework
- Mathematics and GodConnections between mathematics and God include the use of mathematics in arguments about
- Mathesis universalisPhilosophy that mathematics can be used to define all aspects of the universe
- Matsya NyayaIndian philosophy
- Matthew KapsteinMatthew T. Kapstein is a scholar of Tibetan religions, Buddhism, and the cultural effects
- Maurice BlondelFrench philosopher (1861–1949)
- Maurice Merleau-PontyFrench phenomenological philosopher (1908–1961)
- Maurice NatansonMaurice Alexander Natanson (November 26, 1924 – August 16, 1996) was an American philosoph
- Max BlackBritish-American philosopher (1909–1988)
- Max MoreEnglish-American philosopher and futurist
- Maxim (philosophy)Rule or guideline for action
- MazdakIranian religious figure
- Meaning (philosophy)Sense or significance of an entity
- Meaning (semiotics)Philosophical concept
- Meaning and Necessity1947 book by Rudolf Carnap
- Meaning of lifePhilosophical and spiritual question
- MebegeMebege (also called Nzeme and Mbere) is the Supreme God of the Fang people of the Central
- Mechanism (philosophy)Belief that natural wholes are similar to machines
- Media consultantA media consultant is a marketing agent or public relations executive that is hired by bus
- Medieval philosophyPhilosophy during the medieval period
- Meditations on First Philosophy1641 book by René Descartes
- Megan RiceMegan Gillespie Rice S.H.C.J. (Society of the Holy Child Jesus) (January 31, 1930 – Octobe
- Meinongian argumentArgument for the existence of God
- Meister EckhartGerman Catholic priest and philosopher (c. 1260–1328)
- Mélanie CalvatFrançoise Mélanie Calvat (French: , 7 November 1831 – 14 December 1904), religious name Ma
- MeliorismIdea in metaphysical thinking
- MemoriaTerm for aspects involving memory in Western classical rhetoric
- Mencius (book)4th-century BC Confucian text
- Mental eventAny event that happens within the mind of a conscious individual
- Mental representationHypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality
- Mere addition paradoxProblem in ethics
- Messiah in JudaismSavior and liberator of the Jewish people
- MetaepistemologyMetaphilosophical study of epistemology
- MetaethicsBranch of ethics
- MetalogicStudy of the properties of logical systems
- MetaphilosophyInvestigation of the nature of philosophy
- MetaphorFigure of speech of implicit comparison
- Metaphoric criticismEnglish figure of speech
- Metaphysical naturalismPhilosophical worldview rejecting anything supernatural
- Metaphysical necessityPhilosophical concept
- MetaphysicsStudy of fundamental reality
- Metaphysics of Morals1797 work on morals and politics by Immanuel Kant
- MetatheoryTheory whose subject matter is itself a theory
- Method of lociMemory techniques adopted in ancient Roman and Greek rhetorical treatises
- Michael Baur (philosopher)Professor of philosophy
- Michael DevittAustralian philosopher
- Michael Friedman (philosopher)American philosopher (1947–2025)
- Michel MartinMichel McQueen Martin is an American journalist and correspondent for National Public Radi
- Middle Eastern philosophyVarious philosophies of the Middle East regions
- Mikhail BakhtinRussian philosopher and literary theorist (1895–1975)
- Milan KymlickaMilan Kymlicka (Czech: Milan Kymlička; 15 May 1936 – 9 October 2008) was a Czechoslovak an
- MimesisCommunication by means of imitation
- Mimesis criticismMethod of interpreting texts
- Mind in Eastern philosophyBranch of philosophy on the nature of the mind
- Mind–body dualismPhilosophical view that consiousness and the body are fundamentally different
- Minjung theologySouth Korean Christian theological approach for social justice
- Miranda FrickerEnglish philosopher and feminist (born 1966)
- MiriaiCharacter in Mandaean religious scripture
- MisotheismHatred of God or the gods
- Modal logicType of formal logic
- Models of scientific inquiryModels of scientific inquiry have two functions: first, to provide a descriptive account o
- Moderate realismConcept in philosophy
- Modern philosophyPhilosophy in recent times
- Modern rhetoricModern rhetoric has gone through many changes since the age of ancient Rome and Greece to
- Modes of discourseMajor types of writing and speaking
- Modes of persuasionStrategies of rhetoric
- MohismAncient Chinese philosophy
- Moksha (Jainism)Liberation or salvation of a soul from saṃsāra, the cycle of birth and death
- MolinismTheological position on God's knowledge
- Monad (philosophy)Philosophical concept of a most basic substance, or supreme being
- Monadic predicate calculusFragment of first-order logic
- MonadologyPhilosophical work by Leibniz
- MonismPhilosophical view that everything in reality is ultimately one kind of thing
- MoralMessage that is conveyed or lesson to be learned from a story or event
- Moral absolutismMetaethical position that some actions are intrinsically right or wrong
- Moral agencyAbility to make ethical judgements
- Moral authorityAuthority premised on principles, or fundamental truths
- Moral characterSteady moral qualities in people
- Moral literatureMoral literature is a type of writing that focuses on ethical values, moral principles and
- Moral rationalismMoral rationalism, also called ethical rationalism, is a view in meta-ethics (specifically
- Moral relativismPhilosophical positions
- Moral universalismMeta-ethical position that a system of ethics applies to all
- MoralityStandard, doctrine or system of conduct
- Morality in IslamNorms and codes for moral behavior in Islam
- Moses MendelssohnGerman philosopher and theologian (1729–1786)
- MoziChinese philosopher and logician (c. 470 – c. 391 BCE)
- Muhibullah BihariQadi Muhibullah al-Bihārī (also known as Muḥibballāh b. ʿAbd Shakūr al-Bihārī; died 1119 A
- MulunguBantu deity
- Münchhausen trilemmaThought experiment used to demonstrate the impossibility of proving any truth
- Mundaka UpanishadAncient Sanskrit scripture of Hinduism
- MwariSupreme deity in the traditional religion of Shona people
