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- M-type asteroidAsteroid spectral type
- M81 GroupGalaxy group in Ursa Major and Camelopardalis
- M82 X-2M82 X-2 is an X-ray pulsar located in the galaxy Messier 82, approximately 12 million ligh
- Maat MonsTallest mountain and volcano on Venus
- Maffei 2Maffei 2 is an intermediate spiral galaxy about 10 million light-years away in the constel
- Magellanic CloudsTwo dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way
- Magellanic spiralSpiral galaxies with one spiral arm
- Magellanic StreamHVCld in Sculptor by MClds
- MAGIC (telescope)MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes, later renamed to MAGIC Floria
- Magma oceanMagma oceans are vast fields of surface magma that exist during periods of a planet's or s
- MagnetarType of neutron star with a strong magnetic field
- Magnetic field of the MoonThe magnetic field of the Moon is very weak in comparison to that of the Earth; the major
- Magnetic reconnectionProcess in plasma physics
- Magnetometer (Juno)Scientific instrument on the Juno space probe
- MagnetosheathRegion of a magnetosphere which cannot fully deflect charged particles
- MagnetosphereRegion around an astronomical object
- Magnetosphere chronologyDiscoveries about the magnetosphere
- Magnetosphere of JupiterMagnetic field around the Jovian system
- Magnetosphere of SaturnCavity in the solar wind created by Saturn
- Magnetosphere particle motionThe ions and electrons of a plasma interacting with the Earth's magnetic field generally f
- Magnitude (astronomy)Logarithmic measure of the brightness of an astronomical object
- Magnitude of eclipseThe magnitude of eclipse is the fraction of the angular diameter of a celestial body being
- Main sequenceContinuous band of stars that appears on plots of stellar color versus brightness
- Main Sequence (horse)Main Sequence (foaled 13 February 2009) is a Kentucky-bred Thoroughbred racehorse. In his
- MakemakeDwarf planet in the Kuiper belt
- Malapert (crater)Malapert is a lunar impact crater that lies near the south pole of the Moon, named for 17t
- Manned Venus flybyProposed crewed Venus flyby
- Mantle (geology)Layer inside a planetary-mass object
- Marc BuieAmerican astronomer
- Marc PostmanMarc Postman (born April 6, 1958) is an American astronomer at the Space Telescope Science
- March 1989 geomagnetic stormExtreme space-weather event
- March equinoxWhen sun appears directly over equator
- Marcus BrüggenGerman astronomer
- Mare AustraleMare Australe (Latin austrāle the "Southern Sea") is a lunar mare located in the southeast
- Mare FecunditatisMare Fecunditatis (Latin fēcunditātis, the "Sea of Fecundity" or "Sea of Fertility") is a
- Mare HumboldtianumMare Humboldtianum (Latin humboldtiānum, the "Sea of Alexander von Humboldt") is a lunar m
- Mare IngeniiMare Ingenii (Latin ingeniī, the "Sea of Cleverness") is one of the few lunar mare feature
- Mare MarginisMare Marginis (Latin for 'Sea of the Edge'); MAR-jin-iss) is a lunar mare that lies on the
- Mare SmythiiMare Smythii (Latin for "Smyth's Sea") is a lunar mare located along the equator on the ea
- Mare SpumansMare Spumans (Latin spūmāns, the "foaming sea") is a lunar mare located just south of Mare
- Mare UndarumMare Undarum (Latin undārum, the "sea of waves") is a shallow, irregular lunar mare locate
- Margaret GellerAmerican astrophysicist (born 1947)
- Marie BlochFrench astronomer and astrophysicist
- Mariner programNASA space program from 1962 to 1973
- Mark II (radio telescope)The Mark II is a radio telescope located at Jodrell Bank Observatory, near Goostrey, Chesh
- Mark III (radio telescope)The Mark III was a portable and fully steerable radio telescope located at Wardle, near Na
- Mark R. MorrisMark R. Morris (born 1947) is an American astrophysicist. He earned his B.A. magna cum lau
- Mark Twain (crater)Mark Twain is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical
- Markarian 421Blazar located in the constellation Ursa Major
- Markarian 501Galaxy in the constellation Hercules
- Marla GehaAmerican astronomer
- MarsFourth planet from the Sun
- Mars 1Mars 1, also known as 1962 Beta Nu 1, Mars 2MV-4 and Sputnik 23, was an automatic interpla
- Mars 2020Astrobiology Mars rover mission by NASA
- Mars Astrobiology Explorer-CacherCancelled NASA Mars rover concept
- Mars atmospheric entryMars atmospheric entry is the entry into the atmosphere of Mars. High velocity entry into
- Mars DirectProposal for a crewed Mars mission
- Mars Exploration RoverNASA mission to explore Mars via two rovers
- Mars Global SurveyorMars Global Surveyor (MGS) was an American robotic space probe developed by NASA's Jet Pro
- Mars habitatFacility where humans could live on Mars
- Mars in fictionDepictions of the planet
- Mars Orbiter CameraThe Mars Orbiter Camera and Mars Observer Camera (MOC) were scientific instruments on boar
- Mars Orbiter Laser AltimeterInstrument on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft
- Mars Reconnaissance OrbiterNASA spacecraft active since 2005
- Mars Science LaboratoryRobotic mission that deployed the ''Curiosity'' rover to Mars in 2012
- Mars SocietyAdvocacy group for Mars exploration
- Mars solSolar day: unit of time on Mars
- Mars suitSpace suit for the Martian surface
- Mars trojanCelestial bodies that share the orbit of Mars
- Mars Year 1Mars Year 1 is the first year of Martian timekeeping standard developed by Clancy et al. o
- Marta BurgayItalian radio astronomer
- Martha P. HaynesAmerican astronomer (born 1951)
- Martian canalsErroneous idea of canals on Mars
- Martian dichotomyGeomorphological feature of Mars
- Martian meteoriteA Martian meteorite is a rock that formed on Mars, was ejected from the planet by an impac
- Martian polar ice capsWater ice deposits on the poles of Mars
- Martian spherulesSmall iron oxide spherules found on Mars
- Martin HarwitCzech-American astronomer
- Martin ReesBritish astrophysicist (born 1942)
- Martin van den HoveDutch astronomer and mathematician (1605-1639)
- Mary Adela BlaggEnglish astronomer (1858–1944)
- MaskelyniteMaskelynite is a glassy material found in some meteorites and meteorite impact craters. Ty
- Mass ratioIn aerospace engineering, mass ratio is a measure of the efficiency of a rocket. It descri
- Mass–luminosity relationEquation in stellar astrophysics
- Massalia familyFamily of asteroids in the inner asteroid belt
- Massive compact halo objectA MAssive Compact Halo Object (MACHO) is a kind of astronomical body that might explain th
- Mawrth VallisMawrth Vallis (Welsh: ) (Mawrth means "Mars" in Welsh) is a valley on Mars, located in the
- Max Planck Institute for AstronomyThe Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, MPIA) is a res
- Max Planck Institute for AstrophysicsThe Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics (MPA) is a research institute located in Garchin
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear PhysicsThe Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik ("MPI for Nuclear Physics" or MPIK for short) is a
- Max WolfMaximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf (21 June 1863 – 3 October 1932) was a German astron
- Mayhill, New MexicoMayhill is an unincorporated community in Otero County, New Mexico, United States. It is s
- McCool HillTallest of the Columbia Hills in Gusev crater, Mars
- Mean anomalySpecifies the orbit of an object in space
- Mean motionAngular speed required for a body to complete one orbit
- Mean radius (astronomy)Measure for the size of planets and other Solar System objects
- Medical astrologyAstrology of the human physiology
- Mega-EarthA mega-Earth is a proposed neologism for a massive terrestrial exoplanet that is at least
- MegamaserAstrophysical maser, source of stimulated spectral line emission
- Megan SchwambMegan E. Schwamb (born 1984) is an American astronomer and planetary scientist, and lectur
- MegastructureVery large artificial object
- Megastructure (planning concept)Megastructure is an architectural and urban concept of the post-war era, which envisions a
- Melas ChasmaMelas Chasma is a canyon on Mars, the widest segment of the Valles Marineris canyon system
- Mensa (constellation)Constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
- Merak (star)Star in the constellation Ursa Major
- Mercator TelescopeThe Mercator Telescope is a 1.2 m telescope at the Observatorio del Roque de Los Muchachos
- Mercury (planet)First planet from the Sun
- Meridian (astronomy)Great semicircle passing through the celestial poles
- Meridian (geography)Line between the poles with the same longitude
- Meridiani PlanumEquatorial plain on Mars
- MERLINThe Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) is an interferometer array
- Mervyn A. EllisonIrish astronomer
- Messerschmitt-Bölkow-BlohmMesserschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB) was a West German aerospace manufacturer. It was formed d
- Messier 10Messier 10 or M10 (also designated NGC 6254) is a globular cluster of stars in the equator
- Messier 106Galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici
- Messier 110Satellite galaxy of the Andromeda Galaxy
- Messier 13Globular cluster in the constellation Hercules
- Messier 15Globular cluster in the constellation Pegasus
- Messier 2Messier 2 or M2 (also designated NGC 7089) is a globular cluster in the constellation Aqua
- Messier 22Elliptical globular cluster in the constellation Sagittarius
- Messier 3Messier 3 (M3; also NGC 5272) is a globular cluster of stars in the northern constellation
- Messier 32Dwarf elliptical galaxy in the constellation Andromeda
- Messier 36Messier 36 or M36, also known as NGC 1960 or the Pinwheel Cluster, is an open cluster of s
- Messier 39Messier 39 or M39, also known as NGC 7092, is an open cluster of stars in the constellatio
- Messier 4Globular cluster in Scorpius
- Messier 49Elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo
- Messier 52Messier 52 or M52, also known as NGC 7654 or the Scorpion Cluster, is an open cluster of s
- Messier 67Messier 67 (also known as M67 or NGC 2682) and sometimes called the King Cobra Cluster or
- Messier 7Open star cluster in the constellation of Scorpius
- Messier 77Galaxy in the constellation Cetus
- Messier 80Messier 80 (also known as M80 or NGC 6093) is a globular cluster in the constellation Scor
- Messier 81Spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major
- Messier 82Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major
- Messier 83Galaxy in the constellation Hydra
- Messier 87Galaxy in the constellation Virgo
- Messier objectAstronomical objects catalogued by Charles Messier
- MetallicityRelative abundance of heavy elements in a star or other astronomical object
- Metals of antiquityThe metals of antiquity are the seven metals which humans had identified and found use for
- MeteorBody that enters the Earth's atmosphere
- Meteor processionA meteor procession occurs when an Earth-grazing meteor breaks apart, and the fragments tr
- Meteor showerCelestial event caused by streams of meteoroids entering Earth's atmosphere
- Meteor Shower (play)Meteor Shower is a 2016 play written by Steve Martin. The play, a comedy, is set in 1993 i
- Meteorite classificationSystems of grouping meteorites based on shared characteristics
- Meteorite shock stageMeteorite shock stage is a measure of the degree of fracturing of the matrix of a common c
- Meteorite weatheringMeteorite weathering is the terrestrial alteration of a meteorite. Most meteorites date fr
- MeteoroidSand- to boulder-sized particle of debris in the Solar System
- Methods of detecting exoplanetsMethods of detecting exoplanets usually rely on indirect strategies – that is, they do not
- Metropolitan Borough of GreenwichThe Metropolitan Borough of Greenwich was a metropolitan borough in the County of London b
- Metropolitan Borough of WoolwichThe Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich was a metropolitan borough in the County of London fr
- Mice GalaxiesNGC 4676, or the Mice Galaxies, are two spiral galaxies in the constellation Coma Berenice
- Michael William FeastBritish-South African astronomer (1926–2019)
- Michelangelo quadrangleThe Michelangelo quadrangle is in the southern hemisphere of the planet Mercury, where the
- Michele DoughertyBritish space scientist (born 1962)
- Michiel van der KlisMichiel Baldur Maximiliaan van der Klis (born 9 June 1953) is a Dutch astronomer best know
- Micro black holeHypothetical black holes of very small size
- MicrometeoroidA micrometeoroid is a tiny meteoroid: a small particle of rock in space, usually weighing
- MicroscopiumMinor constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
- MidnightTransition time from one day to the next
- Midnight sunNatural phenomenon when daylight lasts for a whole day
- Mikko KaasalainenMikko K.J. Kaasalainen (1965 – 12 April 2020) was a Finnish applied mathematician and math
- Mikulski Archive for Space TelescopesThe Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) is an astronomical data archive. The arch
- Milichius (crater)Milichius is a bowl-shaped lunar impact crater that is located in the northern part of the
- Milky WayGalaxy containing the Solar System
- Millisecond pulsarPulsar with a rotational period less than about 10 milliseconds
- Miloš TichýCzech astronomer
- Milton L. HumasonAmerican astronomer
- MimasMoon of Saturn
- Mimosa (star)Star in the constellation Crux
- Mineralogy of MarsThe mineralogy of Mars is the chemical composition of rocks and soil that encompass the su
- Mini-EuropeMini-Europe is a miniature park located in the Bruparck entertainment park, at the foot of
- Miniature parkA miniature park is a display of miniature buildings and models, usually as a recreational
- Minimum massLowest possible mass of the celestial object
- Minimum orbit intersection distanceMeasure of close approach in astronomy
- Minor planetAstronomical object that is neither a planet nor a comet
- Minor Planet CenterInternational astronomical organization
- Minor-planet designationNumber-name combination assigned to minor planets
- Minor-planet moonNatural satellite of a minor planet
- MINOSMain injector neutrino oscillation search (MINOS) was a particle physics experiment design
- MiraBinary star system in the constellation Cetus
- Mira BMira B, also known as VZ Ceti, is the companion star to the variable star Mira, separated
- Mira variableType of variable star
- Miranda (moon)Moon of Uranus
- Missing baryon problemUnresolved discrepancy in cosmology
- Miyake eventSharp increase in cosmogenic isotopes
- Modified Newtonian dynamicsHypothesis proposing a modification of Newton's laws
- Modra ObservatoryObservatory
- Molecular cloudType of interstellar cloud
- Molniya orbitType of high-latitude satellite orbit
- Moment of inertia factorDistribution of mass in a celestial body
- MonocerosFaint constellation on the celestial equator
- Montes ApenninusMontes Apenninus are a rugged mountain range on the northern part of the Moon's near side.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical SocietyMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS) is a peer-reviewed scientific jo
- Mood (literature)In literature, mood is the atmosphere of the narrative. Mood is created by means of settin
- MoonNatural satellite orbiting Earth
- Moon landing conspiracy theoriesClaims that the Apollo Moon landings were faked
- Moon rockRocks on or from the Moon
- MoonletSmall natural satellite orbiting a planet
- MoonlightLight that reaches Earth from the Moon
- Moons of HaumeaNatural satellites orbiting Haumea
- Moons of JupiterNatural satellites of the planet Jupiter
- Moons of MarsNatural satellites of the planet Mars
- Moons of NeptuneNatural satellites of the planet Neptune
- Moons of PlutoNatural satellites orbiting Pluto
- Moons of SaturnNatural satellites of the planet Saturn
- Moons of UranusNatural satellites of the planet Uranus
- Mopra TelescopeThe 22-metre Mopra Radio Telescope, located near Coonabarabran, New South Wales, is part o
- MorningPeriod of time from midnight or sunrise to noon
- Mount Bigelow (Arizona)Mount Bigelow is a mountain in the Santa Catalina Mountains of Arizona, United States. It
- Mount IdaIn Greek mythology, two sacred mountains are called Mount Ida, the "Mountain of the Goddes
- Mount Lemmon ObservatoryMount Lemmon Observatory (MLO), also known as the Mount Lemmon Infrared Observatory, is an
- Mount Lemmon SurveyPart of the Catalina Sky Survey
- Mount StromloMount Stromlo (formerly Mount Strom ) is a mountain with an elevation of 770 metres (2,530
- Mountains of IoFeatures of the moon of Jupiter
- MPG/ESO telescopeThe MPG/ESO telescope is a 2.2-metre f/8.0 (17.6-metre) ground-based telescope at the Euro
- Multi-messenger astronomyCoordination of related astronomical observations
- Multi-Object SpectrometerA multi-object spectrometer is a type of optical spectrometer capable of simultaneously ac
- MultiverseHypothetical group of multiple universes
- Mundane astrologyBranch of astrology dealing with politics, government, and law
- MuscaConstellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
