Karluk languages
Sub-branch of the Turkic language family
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Through Mughal Empire and Central Asia
Many Middle Turkic works were written in these languages. The language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate was known as Turki, Ferghani, Kashgari or Khaqani. The language of the Chagatai Khanate was the Chagatai language.
Karluk Turkic was once spoken in the Kara-Khanid Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, Timurid Empire, Mughal Empire, Yarkent Khanate and the Uzbek-speaking Khanate of Bukhara, Emirate of Bukhara, Kokand Khanate, Khiva Khanate, Maimana Khanate.
Classification
Languages
- Uzbek – spoken by the Uzbeks; approximately 44 million speakers
- Uyghur – spoken by the Uyghurs; approximately 8–11 million speakers
- Ili Turki – moribund language spoken by Ili Turks, who are legally recognized as a subgroup of Uzbeks; 120 speakers and decreasing (1980)
- Chagatai – An extinct language which was once widely spoken in Central Asia, it remained a shared literary language across more than one culture there until the early 20th century.
- Karakhanid – A literary language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate (9th to the early 13th century), it is considered a standard form of Middle Turkic.
- Khorezmian Turkic – literary language of the Golden Horde that is considered a preliminary stage of the Chagatai language.
Glottolog v.5.2 refers to the Karluk languages as "Turkestan" and classifies them as follows:
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