Morbillivirus
Genus of viruses
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Taxonomy
The genus contains the following species, listed by scientific name and followed by the exemplar virus of the species:
- Morbillivirus canis, Canine distemper virus
- Morbillivirus caprinae, Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus
- Morbillivirus ceti, Cetacean morbillivirus
- Morbillivirus felis, Feline morbillivirus
- Morbillivirus hominis, Measles virus
- Morbillivirus myotis, Myotis bat morbillivirus
- †Morbillivirus pecoris, Rinderpest virus
- Morbillivirus phocae, Phocine distemper virus
- Morbillivirus phyllostomi, Phyllostomus bat morbillivirus
- Morbillivirus suis, Porcine morbillivirus
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Structure
Morbillivirions are enveloped, with spherical geometries. Their diameter is around 150 nm. Genomes are linear, around 15–16 kb in length. The genome codes for eight proteins.
Life cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by virus attaching to host cell. Replication follows the negative-stranded RNA virus replication model. Negative-stranded RNA virus transcription, using polymerase stuttering, through co-transcriptional RNA editing is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by budding. Humans, cattle, dogs, cats, and cetaceans serve as the natural hosts. Infection from this virus takes place in five stages: incubation, prodromal, mucosal, diarrheic, and convalescent. Transmission routes are respiratory. Morbillivirus are sensitive to high temperatures, sunlight, extreme pH levels, and any chemical that can destroy its outer envelope.