Noa-name

A noa-name is sometimes described as a euphemism, though the meaning is more specific; a noa-name is a non-taboo synonym used to avoid bad luck, and replaces a name considered dangerous. The noa-name may be innocuous or flattering, or it may be more accusatory.

Examples

• In the Germanic languages, the word for 'bear' was replaced with a noa-name meaning 'brown', the Proto-Germanic *berô, with descendants including Swedish björn, English bear and bruin, German Bär and Dutch beer.
• In Finnish, there are several noa-names for karhu (bear), used instead of calling the animal by its name and inadvertently attracting its attention. The word karhu itself is a noa-name, to avoid using the original (and now relatively uncommon) words otso or ohto. (See Finnish mythology.)
• In Swedish, the word ulv ('wolf') was replaced by varg ('stranger'). The spirits of the hearth, tomte (corresponding to the Scottish brownie, or the Cornish pixie), were known as nisse, 'dear little relatives'.
• In Irish folklore, fairies more commonly called sidhe are referred to as 'the little people' or 'the good people.'
• The Icelandic word huldufólk translates to 'the hidden people' and refers to supernatural beings otherwise known as álfar (elves).
• In English, the Devil has been referred to by a variety of names (e.g. 'Old Nick', 'Mr. Scratch') to avoid attracting his attention through his name.
• In Greek legend, the Erinyes (the Furies, the spirits of revenge) were commonly known as the Eumenides ('the benevolent ones'). Additionally, Hades, god of the underworld, was usually referred to with euphemisms like Ploútōn ('the wealthy one') in order to avoid attracting his attention.
• In Romanian, the Devil is referred to by such names as necuratul ('the unclean one'), ucigă-l crucea/toaca ('may the cross/church board kill him'), Scaraoţki or Sărsăilă to avoid invoking him by his name of 'dracul'.
• Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain is one of the Ten Commandments in Abrahamic religion.
  • The Lord is therefore used instead by Anglophone Christians, analogous to terms like the Latin Dominus
  • In Jewish culture, it is forbidden to speak the name of God (represented as YHWH) and the noa-name adonai, 'my lord', or HaShem, 'the Name', is used instead.
• To avoid the negative connotations of the left side and left-handedness, most Romance languages borrowed or adopted noa-names to avoid Latin sinister: see French gauche, Spanish izquierdo, Romanian stângă. Also Greek created ἀριστερός (aristeros), a derivation from ἄριστος (aristos, "best") to avoid λαιός (laios).