Spiral bacteria
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Spirillum
A spirillum (plural spirilla) is a rigid spiral bacterium that is Gram-negative and frequently has external amphitrichous or lophotrichous flagella. Examples include:
- Members of the genus Spirillum
- Campylobacter species, such as Campylobacter jejuni, a foodborne pathogen that causes campylobacteriosis
- Helicobacter species, such as Helicobacter pylori, a cause of peptic ulcers
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Spirochetes
A spirochete (plural spirochetes) is a very thin, elongate, flexible, spiral bacteria that is motile via internal periplasmic flagella inside the outer membrane. They comprise the phylum Spirochaetes. Owing to their morphological properties, spirochetes are difficult to Gram-stain but may be visualized using dark field microscopy or Warthin–Starry stain. Examples include:
- Leptospira species, which cause leptospirosis.
- Borrelia species, such as Borrelia burgdorferi, a tick-borne bacterium that causes Lyme disease
- Treponema species, such as Treponema pallidum, subspecies of which causes treponematoses, including syphilis
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GenusTaxonomic rank above species and below familyFamily (taxonomy)Taxonomic rank between genus and orderEndemismState of species being unique to a locationCladeGroup of a common ancestor and all of their descendantsGenomeAll genetic material of an organismOrder (taxonomy)Taxonomic rank between class and family