Sub-commentaries (Theravāda)

Types of ṭīkā

Based on their hierarchy, chronological period, and scope, ṭīkā are traditionally classified into several contrasting pairs:

Based on hierarchy

• Mūla-ṭīkā, the original or root sub-commentary.
• Anu-ṭīkā, the additional or subsequent sub-commentary (sub-sub-commentary), which further explains the mūla-ṭīkā itself.

Based on chronology

• Porāṇa-ṭīkā or purāṇa-ṭīkā, the ancient sub-commentary (compiled during early periods).
• Abhinava-ṭīkā, the new or modern sub-commentary (compiled during later periods).

Based on scope

• Mahā-ṭīkā, the great or large sub-commentary (broad and extensive).
• Cūḷa-ṭīkā, the minor or small sub-commentary (concise and compact).