Thirty-three gods

List

Vedic

• Divya (celestial): Dyaus (Sky), Surya (Sun), Naktoshasa (Night and Dawn), Tarkshya, Daksha, Mitra, Varuna, Bhaga, Amsha, Aryaman, and Martanda.
• Pārthiva (terrestrial): Agni (Fire), Vayu (Wind), Vishnu, Indra, Rudra, Maruts, Tvashta, Savita, Dhata, Pushan, Yama.
• Apya (aquatic): Ganga, Yamuna, Sarasvati, Sindhu (Indus), Soma, Apam Napat, Parjanya, Aja Ekapad, Ahi budhnya, Trita, Ghrita.

Brahmana-Itihasa-Puranic

• Eight Vasus (deities of material elements) – Dyaus (sky), Prithvi (earth), Nakshatra (stars), Varuna (water), Surya (sun), Chandra (moon)
• Twelve Adityas (personified deities) – Indra (Shakra), Aryaman, Tvashtr, Varuna, Bhaga, Savitr, Vivasvat, Amsha, Mitra, Pushan, Daksha, Vishnu (this list sometimes varies in particulars)
• Eleven Rudras, consisting of Aja, Ekapada, Ahirbudhanya, Tvasta, Rudra, Hara, Sambhu, Trayambaka, Aparajita, Ishana, and Tribhuvana
• Two Ashvins (or Nasatyas), twin solar deities

Variations

The list of deities varies across the manuscripts found in different parts of South Asia, particularly in terms of the Ashvins and the personified devas. One list based on Book 2 of the Aitereya Brahmana is:

• Devas personified: Indra (Shakra), Varuna, Mitra, Aryaman, Bhaga, Amsha, Vidhata, Tvashtr, Pushan, Vivasvat (Surya), Savitr (Dhatr), Vishnu
• Devas as abstractions or inner principles: Ananda (bliss, inner contentment), Vijnana (knowledge), Manas (mind, thought), Prana (life-force), Vac (speech), Atma (Self), and five manifestations of Rudra – Ishana, Tatpurusha, Aghora, Vamadeva, Sadyojata
• Devas as forces or principles of nature – Prithvi (earth), Agni (fire), Antariksha (atmosphere, space), Jala (water), Vayu (wind), Dyaus (sky), Surya (sun), Nakshatra (stars), Soma (moon)
• Devas as guides or creative energy – Vasatkara, Prajapati

The reported identity of the two Ashvins sometimes varies:

There are eight Vasus, eleven Rudras, twelve Âdityas; and these two, Heaven and Earth, are the (thirty-second and) thirty-third. And there are thirty-three gods, and Pragâpati is the thirty-fourth;--thus he makes him (the sacrificer, or Yagña) to be Pragâpati 2: now that 3 is, for that is immortal, and what is immortal that is. But what is mortal that also is Pragâpati; for Pragâpati is everything: thus he makes him to be Pragâpati, and hence there are these thirty-four utterances, called expiations.

— Satapatha Brahmana 4:5:7:2

The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad describes the existence of these deities with a different lineup: It was described by Yajnavalkya at the Bahudakshina Yajna organised by the King Janaka of Mithila at his court.

Yājñavalkya said, 'These are but the manifestations of them, but there are only thirty-three gods.' 'Which are those thirty-three?' 'The eight Vasus, the eleven Rudras and the twelve Ādityas—these are thirty-one, and Indra and Prajāpati make up the thirty-three.'

— Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, Section 9, Verse 3.9.2