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- T cellType of white blood cell
- T helper 17 cellT helper 17 cells (Th17) are a subset of pro-inflammatory T helper cells defined by their
- T4 rII systemExperimental system for studying the substructure of the gene
- T7 phageBacteriophage T7 (or the T7 phage) is a bacteriophage, a virus that infects bacteria. It i
- T7 RNA polymeraseT7 RNA Polymerase is an RNA polymerase from the T7 bacteriophage that catalyzes the format
- Tag SNPA tag SNP is a representative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a region of the geno
- TagetitoxinTagetitoxin (TGT) is a bacterial phytotoxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis.
- TagoroTagoro is a submarine volcano located off the southern coast of the island of El Hierro, i
- TailDistinct, flexible appendage to the torso of an animal
- Tandem repeatAdjacent repeated pattern of nucleotides within DNA
- Tandemly arrayed genesTandemly arrayed genes (TAGs) are a gene cluster created by tandem duplications, a process
- TanukhAncient and medieval Arab tribal confederation in Fertile Crescent
- TanycyteSpecialized ependymal cell in the brain
- TaprootDominant root from which other roots sprout laterally / horizontal
- Taq polymeraseThermostable form of DNA polymerase I used in polymerase chain reaction
- TararirasTarariras, is a small city in the south of the Colonia Department of southern Uruguay.
- Tarsus (skeleton)Bones of the foot
- TAS1R1Taste receptor type 1 member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS1R1 gene.
- TATA boxDNA sequence
- TATA-binding proteinProtein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
- Tauros ProgrammeDutch cattle-breeding project
- TaxisDirected movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus
- TaxonUnit of biological populations
- Taxon (journal)Taxon is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering plant taxonomy. It is publi
- Taxonomic rankHierarchical level in biological classification
- Taxonomic vandalismTerm in biology
- Tay–Sachs diseaseRare, severe disease of lysosomal storage
- TBX1Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
- TCF21Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
- TCF7L2Protein-coding gene in humans
- TearsClear liquid secreted from glands in eyes of mammals
- TeatProjection from mammary glands from which milk flows
- Tectorial membraneThe tectoria membrane (TM) is one of two acellular membranes in the cochlea of the inner e
- Teleology in biologyUse of language of goal-directedness in the context of evolutionary adaptation
- TeleonomyTeleonomy is the quality of apparent purposefulness and of goal-directedness of structures
- TelomeraseTelomere-restoring protein active in the most rapidly dividing cells
- Telomerase RNA componentTelomerase RNA component, also known as TR, TER or TERC, is an ncRNA found in eukaryotes t
- TelomereRegion of repetitive nucleotide sequences on chromosomes
- Temperature-dependent sex determinationEnvironmental sex determination by temperature during development
- Temporal lobeOne of the four lobes of the mammalian brain
- Tenascin XProtein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
- TendrilSpecialisation of plant parts used to climb or bind
- Tensor tympani muscleThe tensor tympani is a muscle within the middle ear, located in the bony canal above the
- TeratologyStudy of developmental anomalies
- TerebellidaeThe Terebellidae is a marine family of polychaete worms, of which the type taxon is Terebe
- Termination factorProtein signal which causes the release of transcribed RNA at a stop codon
- Terminator (genetics)Section of nucleic acid sequence
- Terrestrial biological carbon cycleThe carbon cycle is an essential part of life on Earth. About half the dry weight of most
- Terrestrial locomotionAbility of animals to travel on land
- Test (biology)Hard shell of some spherical marine animals
- Test crossConcept in classical genetics
- Testate amoebaeGroup of amoebae with shells
- Testicular sarcoidosisSarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown cause that results in the formation of non-ca
- TetrachromacyType of color vision with four types of cone cells
- Tetracycline-controlled transcriptional activationMethod of inducible gene expression
- Tetrad (meiosis)Product of meiosis in spore-producing organisms
- TetrahymenaGenus of single-celled organisms
- Tetrahymena pyriformisTetrahymena pyriformis is a species of Ciliophora in the family Tetrahymenidae.
- TetramyxaTetramyxa is a cercozoan protist, member of the plasmodiophores, parasite of several flowe
- Tetraselmis suecicaTetraselmis suecica is a marine green alga. It grows as single, motile cells visible under
- TetrasporaGenus of algae
- TetrasporaceaeThe Tetrasporaceae are a family of green algae, specifically of the Chlamydomonadales. The
- TEV proteaseTEV protease (EC 3.4.22.44, Tobacco Etch Virus nuclear-inclusion-a endopeptidase) is a hig
- ThalamusStructure within the brain
- ThalassemiaFamily of inherited blood disorders
- ThallophytePolyphyletic group of non-motile, plant-like organisms
- ThallusUndifferentiated vegetative tissue of certain organisms
- The 10,000 Year ExplosionBook by Gregory Cochran and Henry Harpending
- The Abolition of Man1943 book by C. S. Lewis
- The Blind WatchmakerBook by Richard Dawkins
- The Correlation between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance1918 scientific article by Ronald Fisher
- The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex1871 book by Charles Darwin
- The eclipse of DarwinismPeriod when evolution was widely accepted, but natural selection was not
- The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals1872 book by Charles Darwin
- The Extended Phenotype1982 book by Richard Dawkins
- The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century1899 Book by Houston Stewart Chamberlain
- The Gene Bomb1996 non-fiction book by David E. Comings
- The Genetical Theory of Natural SelectionBook by Ronald Aylmer Fisher
- The Living WorldUK radio program
- The Making of a Fly1992 book by Peter Anthony Lawrence
- The Mismeasure of Man1981 book by Stephen Jay Gould
- The Neutral Theory of Molecular EvolutionThe Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution is an influential monograph written in 1983 by J
- The Origin of BirdsBook by Gerhard Heilmann
- The Passing of the Great Race1916 book on race by Madison Grant
- The Selfish Gene1976 book by Richard Dawkins
- The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm1979 scientific article
- ThecaIn biology, a theca (pl.: thecae) is a sheath or a covering.
- ThecodontiaThecodontia (meaning 'socket-teeth'), now considered an obsolete taxonomic grouping, was f
- Theistic evolutionScientific view of guided evolution by God
- Therapeutic gene modulationProcess of modifying a gene
- ThermoacidophileMicroorganisms which live in water with high temperature and high acidity
- ThermoanaerobacteralesOrder of bacteria
- ThermococciClass of archaea
- Thermococcus gammatoleransSpecies of archaeon
- ThermogenesisProcess of heat production within organisms
- ThermomicrobiaGroup of bacteria
- ThermophileOrganism that thrives at relatively high temperatures
- ThermopileA thermopile is an electronic device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy.
- ThermoplasmataClass of archaea
- ThermoreceptorReceptive portion of a sensory neuron
- ThermotogatiKingdom of bacteria
- Thermus thermophilusSpecies of bacterium
- ThiolavaGenus of bacteria
- ThiomargaritaGenus of bacteria
- Thiomargarita magnificaLargest known bacteria species
- Thiomargarita namibiensisSpecies of bacterium
- Third-generation sequencingDNA sequencing
- Thomas C. SüdhofGerman-American biochemist
- Thomas H. JukesBritish-American biologist (1906–1999)
- Thomas Hunt Morgan MedalThe Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal is awarded by the Genetics Society of America (GSA) for lifet
- Thomas Milton RiversThomas Milton Rivers (September 3, 1888 – May 12, 1962) was an American bacteriologist and
- Thomas Spencer CobboldThomas Spencer Cobbold FRS (26 May 1828 – 10 March 1886) was an English biologist.
- Thoracic diaphragmSheet of internal skeletal muscle
- ThorarchaeiaClass of Asgard archaea
- Thorax (arthropod anatomy)Body part of an arthropod
- ThorselliaceaeThorselliaceae is a family of bacteria belonging to the class Gammaproteobacteria and it w
- Three prime untranslated regionSequence at the 3′ end of messenger RNA that does not code for product
- Three-domain systemHypothesis for classification of life
- ThreonineAmino acid
- Thrifty gene hypothesisEvolutionary biology hypothesis
- ThroatAnterior part of the neck, in front of the vertebra
- Thule SocietyGerman occultist and völkisch group in post-World War I Munich
- ThylakoidMembrane enclosed compartments in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria
- ThymectomyA thymectomy is an operation to remove the thymus. It usually results in remission of myas
- Thymidine triphosphateThymidine triphosphate (TTP), also called deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP), is one of th
- Thymidylate synthaseThymidylate synthase (TS) (EC 2.1.1.45) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of deox
- ThymineChemical compound of DNA
- ThymomaA thymoma is a tumor originating from the epithelial cells of the thymus that is considere
- ThymusEndocrine gland
- Thyroid hormonesHormones produced by the thyroid gland
- Ti plasmidCircular plasmid used in creation of transgenic plants
- TibiaLeg bone in vertebrates
- Tight junction proteinsTight junction proteins (TJ proteins) are molecules situated at the tight junctions of epi
- Tiling arrayTiling arrays are a subtype of microarray chips. Like traditional microarrays, they functi
- Timeline of lifeThe timeline of life represents the current scientific theory outlining the major events d
- Timeline of zoologyThis is a chronologically organized listing of notable zoological events and discoveries.
- Tinman (gene)tinman, or tin is an Nk2-homeobox containing transcription factor first isolated in Drosop
- TintinnidOrder of single-celled organisms
- Tissue engineering of heart valvesTissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) offer a new and advancing proposed treatment of crea
- Tissue growthTissue growth is the process by which a tissue increases its size. In animals, tissue grow
- Tissue typingTissue typing is a procedure in which the tissues of a prospective donor and recipient are
- TM7xTM7x, also known as Nanosynbacter lyticus type strain TM7x HMT 952. is a phylotype of one
- TMCO6Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
- TMEM106CProtein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
- TobamovirusGenus of viruses
- TobianoTobiano is a spotted color pattern commonly seen in pinto horses, produced by a dominant g
- ToddlerPhase of human growth between 1 and 3 years old
- Toll-like receptorClass of immune system proteins
- Tom MaschlerThomas Michael Maschler (16 August 1933 – 15 October 2020) was a British publisher and wri
- Tongue mapMisconception about taste and the tongue
- TonicityIn chemical biology, tonicity is a measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient; the
- TOP1DNA topoisomerase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TOP1 gene. It is a DNA t
- TopoisomeraseClass of enzymes
- Topoisomerase IVTopoisomerase IV is one of two Type II topoisomerases in bacteria, the other being DNA gyr
- TorporState of decreased physiological activity in an animal
- TorsoCentral part of the living body
- Torus tubariusThe torus tubarius (or torus of the auditory tube) is an elevation of the mucous membrane
- Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1Superantigen
- ToxicogenomicsBranch of toxicology and genomics
- ToxoidA toxoid is an inactivated toxin (usually an exotoxin) whose toxicity has been suppressed
- Trace fossilGeological record of biological activity
- Trace metalMetals subset of trace elements
- TracheaCartilaginous tube
- TrachelomonasGenus of euglenoids
- Tracheobronchial lymph nodesThe tracheobronchial lymph nodes are lymph nodes that are located around the division of t
- Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and waterComparison of swimming and flying, evolution and biophysics
- Trans-regulatory elementTrans-regulatory elements (TRE) are DNA sequences encoding upstream regulators (ie. trans-
- Transcription activator-like effector nucleaseEnzymes that cleave DNA in specific ways
- Transcription bubbleMolecular structure formed in DNA transcription
- Transcription coregulatorProteins that help regulate transcription
- Transcription factorProtein that regulates the rate of DNA transcription
- Transcription factor II ATranscription factor TFIIA is a nuclear protein involved in the RNA polymerase II-dependen
- Transcription factor II DTranscription factor II D (TFIID) is one of several general transcription factors that mak
- Transcription factor II ETranscription factor II E (TFIIE) is one of several general transcription factors that mak
- Transcription factor II FTranscription factor II F (TFIIF) is one of several general transcription factors that mak
- Transcription factor Sp1Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
- Transcription preinitiation complexComplex of proteins necessary for gene transcription in eukaryotes and archaea
- Transcription-translation couplingMechanism of gene expression regulation
- Transcriptional amplificationIn genetics, transcriptional amplification is the process in which the total amount of mes
- Transcriptional burstingProperty of genes where transcription from DNA to RNA occurs in "bursts"
- Transcriptional regulationControl of DNA to RNA conversion in cells
- TranscriptomeSet of all RNA molecules in one cell or a population of cells
- Transcriptomics technologiesStudy of RNA transcripts
- Transduction (genetics)Transfer process in genetics
- TransfectionProcess of introducing nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells
- Transfer DNAType of DNA in bacterial genomes
- Transfer DNA binary systemA transfer DNA (T-DNA) binary system is a pair of plasmids consisting of a T-DNA binary ve
- Transfer RNARNA that facilitates the addition of amino acids to a new protein
- TransgeneGene or genetic material that has been transferred from one organism to another
- Transgenerational epigenetic inheritanceEpigenetic transmission without DNA primary structure alteration
- TransgenesisIntroduction of foreign genetic material into a host
- Transitional fossilType of fossilized remains
- Translational researchEffort to build on basic scientific research
- Transmembrane channelsTransmembrane channels, also called membrane channels, are pores within a lipid bilayer. T
- Transmembrane proteinProtein spanning across a biological membrane
- Transmutation of species18th and 19th-century evolutionary ideas
- Transposable elementDNA sequence that jumps/transposes within a genome
- TransposaseEnzyme that catalyzes movement of transposable elements
- Transposition of the great vesselsTransposition of the great vessels (TGV) is a group of congenital heart defects involving
- Transposon mutagenesisBiological process
- Trevor Bedford (virologist)Trevor Bedford is an American computational virologist at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research
- Tribe (taxonomy)Taxonomic rank between family and genus
- TrichodinaTrichodina is a genus of ciliate alveolates that is ectocommensal or parasitic on aquatic
- TrichodinidaeTrichodinidae is a family of ciliates of the order Mobilida, class Oligohymenophorea. Memb
- Trichomonas tenaxSpecies of single-celled organism
- Trichophyton mentagrophytesSpecies of fungus
- TrichromacyPossessing of three independent channels for conveying color information
- Tricuspid valveOne-way valve present between right auricle and right ventricle
- TRIM28Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
- Trimeric autotransporter adhesinIn molecular biology, trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs), are proteins found on the
- Trinucleotide repeat disorderIn genetics, trinucleotide repeat disorders, a subset of microsatellite expansion diseases
- Trinucleotide repeat expansionDNA mutation involving an increase in number of trinucleotide repeats
- TripedalismLocomotion by use of three limbs
- TrisomyAbnormal presence of three copies of a particular chromosome
- Trisomy XChromosome disorder in women
- Tristan thrushThe Tristan thrush (Turdus eremita), also known as the starchy, is a species of bird in th
- Tritrichomonas foetusSpecies of protozoan parasite
- Trophic cascadeEcosystem event
- Trophic levelPosition of an organism in a food chain
- Trophic mutualismTrophic mutualism is a key type of ecological mutualism. Specifically, "trophic mutualism"
- TrophoblastEarly embryonic structure that gives rise to the placenta
- TrophozoiteActivated, feeding stage in the life cycle of certain protozoa
- Trp operonOperon that codes for the components for production of tryptophan
- Trude MohrTrude Mohr (later Trude Bürkner-Mohr) (September 12, 1902 – 1989) was the first Reichsrefe
- Trypticase soy agarTrypticase soy agar or Tryptic soy agar (TSA) is a growth media for the culturing of moder
- TryptophanChemical compound
- TuberStorage organ in plants
- Tuberculinic acidNoncanonical nucleic acid
- Tuberculosis in ChinaTuberculosis is a serious public health problem in China. China has the world's third larg
- Tuberous sclerosisGenetic condition causing non-cancerous tumours
- Tubo-ovarian abscessOne of the late complications of pelvic inflammatory disease
- TumbleweedPlant structure, detaches and drifts
- Tumor suppressor geneGene that inhibits tumorigenic phenotype
- Tumor-homing bacteriaTumor-homing bacteria are facultative or obligate anaerobic bacteria (capable of producing
- Tumor-informed minimal residual diseaseType of minimal residual disease
- Tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissuesTumors that affect the blood, bone marrow, lymph, and lymphatic system
- Turn (biochemistry)A turn is an element of secondary structure in proteins where the polypeptide chain revers
- Turner syndromeX chromosome monosomy
- TuskElongated continuously growing front teeth
- TwigSmall thin terminal branch of a woody plant
- Twin studyType of human genetic study conducted on twins
- Twitching motilityTwitching motility is a form of crawling bacterial motility used to move over surfaces. Tw
- Two-component regulatory systemMethod of stimulus sensing and response in cells
- Two-dimensional chromatographyTwo-dimensional chromatography is a type of chromatographic technique in which the injecte
- Two-domain systemBiological classification system
- TymoviralesTymovirales is an order of viruses with five families. The group consists of viruses which
- Type genusTerm in biological taxonomy
- Type I cytokine receptorType I cytokine receptors are transmembrane receptors expressed on the surface of cells th
- Type I topoisomeraseIn molecular biology Type I topoisomerases are enzymes that cut one of the two strands of
- Type II secretion systemBacterial system for secreting proteins
- Type II topoisomeraseType II topoisomerases are topoisomerases that cut both strands of the DNA helix simultane
- Type III secretion systemBacterial virulence factor
- Type IX secretion systemThe type IX secretion system is a specialized protein bacterial secretion system found in
- Type speciesTerm used in biological nomenclature
- TyrosineAmino acid
- Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1Human protein-coding gene on chromosome 9
