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- C-type asteroidMost common asteroid spectral type
- C/1618 W1Great Comet of 1618
- C/1861 J1 (Tebbutt)Great Comet of 1861
- C/1967 Y1 (Ikeya–Seki)Non-periodic comet
- C/1975 V1 (West)Great Comet of 1976
- C/1980 E1 (Bowell)Hyperbolic comet
- C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)Hyperbolic comet
- C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)Hyperbolic comet
- C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)Hyperbolic comet
- C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)Non-periodic comet
- C/2007 N3 (Lulin)Non-periodic comet
- C/2009 R1 (McNaught)Hyperbolic comet
- C/2010 X1 (Elenin)Oort cloud comet
- C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)Great Comet of 2011
- C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)Comet that had a close encounter with Mars in 2014
- C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)Non-periodic comet
- C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli–Bernstein)Largest known Oort cloud comet
- C/2016 R2 (PanSTARRS)Carbon monoxide-rich comet
- C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)Oort cloud comet
- Cabeus (crater)Lunar impact crater
- CaelumConstellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
- CAESAR (spacecraft)Proposed sample-return mission to a comet
- Calabash NebulaProtoplanetary nebula in the constellation of Puppis
- Caladenia dimidiaCaladenia dimidia, commonly known as the chameleon orchid, is a species of orchid endemic
- Calar Alto ObservatoryObservatory in Almería, Spain
- Caliban (moon)Caliban is the second-largest retrograde irregular satellite of Uranus. It was discovered
- California's 28th State Assembly districtCalifornia's 28th State Assembly district is one of 80 California State Assembly districts
- Callisto (moon)Second-largest moon of Jupiter
- Caloris PlanitiaCrater on Mercury
- Caltech Submillimeter ObservatoryDecommissioned radio telescope in Hawaii, US
- Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis TelescopeCOAST, the Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope, is a multi-element optical astr
- CamelopardalisConstellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
- Camille FlammarionFrench astronomer and author (1842–1925)
- Camille Flammarion ObservatoryThe observatory was established in Juvisy-sur-Orge in 1883 by the French astronomer and au
- Campo Imperatore Near-Earth Object SurveyObservatory in Italy
- Canada–France–Hawaii TelescopeAstronomical observatory
- Canceled Apollo missionsCanceled space missions
- Cancer (astrology)Fourth astrological sign of the zodiac
- Cancer (constellation)Zodiac constellation in the northern hemisphere
- Candor ChasmaCandor Chasma is one of the largest canyons in the Valles Marineris canyon system on Mars.
- Canes VenaticiConstellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
- Canes Venatici IIGalaxy in constellation Canes Venatici
- Canis MajorConstellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
- Canis Major OverdensityDisputed galaxy located near the constellation Canis Major
- Canis MinorConstellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
- CanopusBrightest star in the constellation of Carina
- Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 21Launch Complex 21 (LC-21) at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida is a launch compl
- Cape Canaveral Space Force StationMilitary rocket launch site in Florida
- Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 40Rocket launch site in Florida, US
- Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41Rocket launch site in Florida, US
- CapellaBrightest star in the constellation Auriga
- Capricorn (astrology)Tenth astrological sign of the zodiac
- CapricornusZodiac constellation in the southern hemisphere
- Capture of TritonHypotheses about Triton's origin
- Capuanus (crater)Capuanus is a lunar impact crater that lies along the southern edge of the Palus Epidemiar
- Caravaggio (crater)Caravaggio is a large crater on Mercury. The crater was named after the Italian painter Ca
- Carbon detonationRunaway fusion in a white dwarf star
- Carbon planetHypothetical type of planet that contains more carbon than oxygen
- Carbon starStar whose atmosphere contains more carbon than oxygen
- Carbon-burning processNuclear fusion type found in older stars
- Carbonaceous chondriteClass of chondritic meteorites
- Carbonates on MarsThe formation of carbonates on Mars have been suggested based on evidence of the presence
- Carbonyl sulfideChemical compound
- Carina (constellation)Constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
- Carina Dwarf Spheroidal GalaxyDwarf galaxy in the constellation Carina
- Carina NebulaInterstellar clouds in the constellation Carina
- Carina OB1Carina OB1 is a giant OB association in the Carina Nebula, which is home to some of the mo
- Carina–Sagittarius ArmMinor spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy and one of its most pronounced arms
- Carl A. WirtanenAmerican astronomer
- Carl CharlierSwedish astronomer (1862–1934)
- Carl E. HeilesCarl Eugene Heiles (born 1939) is an American astrophysicist noted for his contributions t
- Carl Gustav WittCarl Gustav Witt (29 October 1866 – 3 January 1946) was a German astronomer and discoverer
- Carl PulfrichCarl P. Pulfrich (September 24, 1858 in Burscheid, Rhine Province, Kingdom of Prussia – Au
- Carlo Alfonso NallinoCarlo Alfonso Nallino (18 February 1872 – 25 July 1938) was an Italian orientalist.
- Carlos Ulrrico CescoCarlos Ulrrico Cesco (died 1987) was an Argentine astronomer. He lived most of his life in
- Carlsberg Meridian TelescopeThe Carlsberg Meridian Telescope (formerly the Carlsberg Automatic Meridian Circle) is a d
- Carlyle S. BealsCanadian astronomer (1899 – 1979)
- Carole JordanDame Carole Jordan, DBE, FRS, FRAS, FInstP (born 19 July 1941), is a British physicist, as
- Caroline Wilby PrizeThe Caroline I. Wilby Prize was founded in 1897 in memory of Caroline I. Wilby, by her fri
- Carolyn S. ShoemakerCarolyn Jean Spellmann Shoemaker (June 24, 1929 – August 13, 2021) was an American astrono
- Cartwheel GalaxyGalaxy in the constellation Sculptor
- Cassiopeia (constellation)Constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
- Cassiopeia ASupernova remnant in the constellation Cassiopeia
- Castor (star)Sextuple star system in Gemini
- Cat's Eye NebulaPlanetary nebula in the constellation Draco
- Cataclysmic variable starStars with irregular large fluctuations in brightness
- Catalina Sky SurveyProject to discover comets, asteroids, and near-Earth objects
- Catalina StationCatalina Station (CS), also known as Steward Observatory Catalina Station, is an astronomi
- Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of StarsAstronomical catalogue
- Catalogues of Fundamental StarsAstronomical catalogues of stars
- Catherine Wolfe BruceCatherine Wolfe Bruce (January 22, 1816, New York – March 13, 1900, New York) was a noted
- Cauchy (crater)Cauchy is a small lunar impact crater on the eastern Mare Tranquillitatis. It was named af
- Celestial cartographyPart of astronomy concerned with mapping of stars
- Celestial equatorProjection of Earth's equator out into space
- Celestial globeStar charts arranged on a globe
- Celestial mechanicsBranch of astronomy
- Celestial poleImaginary sky rotation points
- Celestial sphereConceptual tool in astronomy
- Celestial spheresElements of some cosmological models
- Celtic Voices and Hale BoppCeltic Voices and Hale Bopp, op. 36, are two independent compositions by Graham Waterhouse
- CensorinusCensorinus (fl. AD 230) was a Roman grammarian and miscellaneous writer.
- Centaur (small Solar System body)Type of Solar System object
- CentaurusConstellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
- Centaurus ARadio galaxy in the constellation Centaurus
- Centaurus A/M83 GroupGroup of galaxies in the constellations Centaurus, Hydra and Virgo
- Centaurus ClusterThe Centaurus Cluster (A3526) is a cluster of hundreds of galaxies, located approximately
- Centaurus X-3Binary star with an X-ray pulsar in the constellation Centaurus
- Center of the universeHistorical concept in cosmology
- Central massive objectCentral object of a galaxy
- Central retinal artery occlusionCentral retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a disease of the eye where the flow of blood th
- Centre de données astronomiques de StrasbourgFrench astronomical data center
- Cepheid variableType of variable star that pulsates radially
- Cepheus (constellation)Constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
- Ceraunius FossaeSet of fractures in the northern Tharsis region of Mars
- Cerberus FossaeThe Cerberus Fossae are a series of semi-parallel fissures on Mars formed by faults which
- Cerberus PalusCerberus Palus is a plain in the Elysium quadrangle of Mars, centered at 5°48′N 148°06′E /
- Ceres (dwarf planet)Dwarf planet in the asteroid belt
- Cerro Tololo Inter-American ObservatoryObservatory in Chile
- Červená hora (Nízký Jeseník)Červená hora (meaning 'red mountain') is a mountain in the Nízký Jeseník range in the Mora
- Cetus (constellation)Constellation straddling the celestial equator
- Cetus DwarfCetus Dwarf is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy. It lies approximately 2.46 Million light-years f
- CFBDSIR 2149−0403Celestial object in the constellation Aquarius
- ChamaeleonConstellation in the Southern Sky
- Chamaeleon CloudStar forming region in the constellation Chamaleon
- Chandrasekhar limitMaximum mass of a stable white dwarf star
- Chandrasekhar polarizationChandrasekhar Polarization is a partial polarization of emergent radiation at the limb of
- Chang'e 42019 Chinese lunar lander & rover
- Chaos terrainIn astrogeology, chaos terrain, or chaotic terrain, is a planetary surface area where feat
- Chapman MedalAward of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Charles HusbandSir Henry Charles Husband (30 October 1908 – 7 October 1983), often known as H. C. Husband
- Charles HyderCharles Latif Hyder (April 18, 1930 – June 8, 2004) was an American astrophysicist and dis
- Charles Stuart BowyerAmerican astronomer and academic (1934–2020)
- Charles-Eugène DelaunayFrench astronomer and mathematician (1816–1872)
- Charon (moon)Largest natural satellite of Pluto
- ChasmaDeep, elongated, steep-sided depression on a planetary surface
- Chemically peculiar starStars with distinctly unusual metal abundances
- CheomseongdaeObservatory in Gyeongju, South Korea
- Cheyava FallsMartian rock noted for its potential life signs
- Chi CarinaeStar in the constellation Carina
- Chi CygniStar in the constellation Cygnus
- Chi DraconisStar in the constellation of Draco
- Chi VirginisStar in the constellation Virgo
- Chicago Air Shower Array1990s astrophysics experiment in Utah
- Chinese astronomyAspect of science history
- Chloride-bearing deposits on MarsAcross the southern highlands of Mars, approximately 640 sites of chloride-bearing deposit
- Chord (astronomy)In the field of astronomy the term chord typically refers to a line crossing an object whi
- Christian T. ElveyAmerican astronomer and geophysicist (1899–1970)
- Christopher CassidyChristopher John "Chris" Cassidy (born January 4, 1970) is a retired NASA astronaut and Un
- Christopher ClaviusGerman astronomer and mathematician (1538–1612)
- Christopher Thompson (astronomer)Christopher Thompson (born 1961) is a Canadian astronomer and astrophysicist. He is a prof
- ChromosphereLayer of a star's atmosphere
- Chronology of the universeHistory and future of the universe
- Chryse PlanitiaChryse Planitia (Greek, "Golden Plain") is a smooth circular plain in the northern equator
- Chthonian planetGas giants with their atmospheric layers stripped
- Chushiro HayashiJapanese astrophysicist (1920–2010)
- Cincinnati ObservatoryThe Cincinnati Observatory, known locally as Mt. Lookout Observatory, is located in Cincin
- CinemaScopeEarly widescreen filming system
- CineScopeCineScope is a mini theater located in Narayanganj, Bangladesh. This is the first mini the
- CircinusConstellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
- Circles of latitude between the 25th parallel north and the 30th parallel northCircles of latitude
- Circles of latitude between the 25th parallel south and the 30th parallel southCircles of latitude
- Circles of latitude between the 70th parallel north and the 75th parallel northCircles of latitude
- Circumplanetary diskAccumulation of matter around a planet
- Circumpolar starStar that never sets due to its apparent proximity to a celestial pole
- Circumstellar discAccumulation of matter around a star
- Circumstellar dustDust around a star
- Circumstellar envelopeA circumstellar envelope (CSE) is a part of a star that has a roughly spherical shape and
- CL0024+17Cluster of galaxies in the constellation of Pisces
- Claimed moons of EarthClaims that Earth may have other natural satellites
- Clarence ChantClarence Augustus Chant (May 31, 1865 – November 18, 1956) was a Canadian astronomer and p
- Classical albedo features on MarsEarly attempts at describing the surface of Mars
- Classical Cepheid variableType of variable star
- Classical Kuiper belt objectKuiper belt object, not controlled by an orbital resonance with Neptune
- Classical planetPlanets visible to the naked eye
- Clearing the neighbourhoodCriterion for a celestial body to be considered a planet
- Clementine (spacecraft)American space project
- CleomedesAncient Greek astronomer
- Cleomedes (crater)Cleomedes is a prominent lunar impact crater located in the northeast part of the visible
- CleostratusAstronomer of ancient Greece
- Cleostratus (crater)Cleostratus is a lunar impact crater near the northwest limb of the Moon. It lies to the n
- Climate of MarsThe climate of Mars has been a topic of scientific curiosity for centuries, in part becaus
- Climate of TitanThe climate of Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, is characterized by a thick atmosphere,
- Climate of TritonThe climate of Triton encompasses the atmospheric dynamics, weather, and long-term atmosph
- Climate of UranusThe climate of Uranus is heavily influenced by both its lack of internal heat, which limit
- Clive RugglesClive L. N. Ruggles (born 1952) is a British astronomer, archaeologist and academic. He is
- Clock driveMechanism in a telescope's mount
- CLOUD experimentAerosol nucleation experiment at CERN
- Clowes–Campusano LQGLarge quasar group consisting of 34 quasars
- CLUPICamera system on the planned Rosalind Franklin rover
- CM DraconisStar in the constellation Draco
- CMB cold spotRegion in space
- CN starA CN star has unusually strong cyano radical bands in its spectrum compared to other stars
- CNO cycleNuclear fusion reaction
- Co-orbital configurationConfiguration of two or more astronomical objects
- Coalsack NebulaDark nebula in the constellation Crux
- Cognitive archaeologyCognitive archaeology is a theoretical perspective in archaeology that focuses on the anci
- Collateral adjectiveA collateral adjective is an adjective that is identified with a particular noun in meanin
- Colliding-wind binaryBinary star system in which two massive stars emit powerful stellar winds
- Collinder catalogueThe Collinder catalogue is a catalogue of 471 open clusters compiled by Swedish astronomer
- Colonial American astronomyColonial American astronomy can be traced to the time when the English began colonizing in
- Colonization of MarsThe colonization of Mars is the proposed process of establishing permanent human settlemen
- Colonization of the MoonSettlement on the Moon
- Color indexColor of an astronomical object
- Columba (constellation)Constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
- Coma (comet)Cloud of gas or a trail around a comet or asteroid
- Coma BerenicesConstellation in the northern hemisphere
- Coma Berenices (dwarf galaxy)Galaxy in constellation Coma Berenices
- Coma ClusterCluster of galaxies in the constellation Coma Berenices
- Coma SuperclusterGalaxy supercluster in the constellation Coma Berenices
- CometNatural object in space that releases gas
- Comet Arend–RolandGreat Comet of 1957
- Comet BennettGreat Comet of 1970
- Comet DonatiNon-periodic comet
- Comet dustCosmic dust that originates from a comet
- Comet EnckePeriodic comet
- Comet GalaxyThe Comet Galaxy, a spiral galaxy located 3.2 billion light-years from Earth, in the galax
- Comet Hale–BoppGreat Comet of 1997
- Comet HolmesJupiter-family comet
- Comet HyakutakeGreat Comet of 1996
- Comet Ikeya–SekiGreat Comet of 1965
- Comet InterceptorEuropean–Japanese spacecraft to launch in 2029
- Comet ISONOort cloud comet
- Comet McNaughtGreat Comet of 2007
- Comet NEOWISEGreat Comet of 2020
- Comet nucleusCentral part of a comet
- Comet Observation DatabaseAstronomy database
- Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9Comet that collided with Jupiter
- Comet Swift–TuttleHalley-type comet and parent body of the Perseid meteors
- Comet tailProjection of material from a comet
- Cometary knotStructure in some planetary nebulae
- Commercial Lunar Payload ServicesNASA program contracting commercial transportation services to the Moon
- Commission for Dark SkiesUK campaign group
- Common envelopeCommon gas atmosphere of a binary star system
- Common envelope jets supernovaSupernova caused by a giant and compact star merging
- Comoving and proper distancesMeasurement of distance
- Compact objectClassification in astronomy
- Comparative planetary scienceSimilarities and differences between planets
- Compton (crater)Compton is a prominent lunar impact crater that is located in the northern hemisphere on t
- Compton–Belkovich Thorium AnomalyLunar hotspot
- Computational astrophysicsMethods and computing tools developed and used in astrophysics research
- Conjunction (astronomy)Objects that appear to be close in the sky
- Connaissance des TempsPeriodical literature
- ConstellationGroup of stars on the celestial sphere
- Constellation programCancelled 2005–2010 NASA human spaceflight program
- Contact binaryBinary star system whose component stars are very close
- Contact binary (small Solar System body)A contact binary is a small Solar System body, such as a minor planet or comet, that is co
- Controversy over the discovery of HaumeaControversy over discovery of a dwarf planet
- Convection zoneRegion of a star
- Copernican periodLunar geologic period
- Copernican principlePrinciple that humans are not privileged observers of the universe
- Copernican RevolutionRadical shift in Western cosmology
- Cor CaroliBinary star in the constellation of Canes Venatici
- Cordelia (moon)Cordelia is the innermost known moon of Uranus. It was discovered from the images taken by
- Corona AustralisConstellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
- Corona BorealisConstellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
- Corona Borealis SuperclusterSupercluster in the constellation Corona Borealis
- CoronagraphTelescopic attachment designed to block out the direct light from a star
- Coronal holeCool, tenuous region of the Sun's corona
- Coronal loopArch-like structure in the Sun's corona
- Coronal mass ejectionEjecta from the Sun's corona
- Coronal radiative lossesIn astronomy and in astrophysics, for radiative losses of the solar corona, it is meant th
- CoRoTEuropean space telescope that operated between 2006 - 2014
- CoRoT-1bCoRoT-1b (previously named CoRoT-Exo-1b) is a transiting extrasolar planet approximately 2
- CoRoT-3CoRoT-3 is a white-yellow dwarf main sequence star hotter than the Sun. This star is locat
- CoRoT-3bBrown dwarf or exoplanet orbiting CoRoT-3
- CoRoT-7Star in the constellation Monoceros
- CoRoT-7bHot Super-Earth orbiting CoRoT-7
- CoRoT-7cCoRoT-7c is an extrasolar planet which orbits the G-type main sequence star CoRoT-7, locat
- Corralitos ObservatoryAstronomical observatory in New Mexico, US
- Corvus (constellation)Constellation in the Southern Celestial Hemisphere
- Cosmic background radiationElectromagnetic radiation from the Big Bang
- Cosmic CalendarMethod to visualize the chronology of the universe
- Cosmic distance ladderSuccession of methods by which astronomers determine the distances to celestial objects
- Cosmic dustDust floating in space
- Cosmic Evolution SurveyHubble Space Telescope Treasury Project
- Cosmic inflationTheory of rapid universe expansion
- Cosmic microwave backgroundTrace radiation from the early universe
- Cosmic neutrino backgroundUniverse's background particle radiation composed of neutrinos
- Cosmic rayHigh-energy particle, mainly originating outside the Solar System
- Cosmic ray astronomyBranch of observational astronomy dealing with high-energy cosmic rays
- CosmochemistryStudy of the chemical composition of matter in the universe
- Cosmological constantValue representing energy density of space
- Cosmological horizonHorizon appearing on a cosmological scale
- Cosmological lithium problemProblem in astronomy
- CosmologyStudy of the universe
- COSMOS fieldThe COSMOS field, or the Cosmic Evolution Survey Deep Field, is a stitched photograph of d
- Cosmos: A Personal Voyage1980 science documentary series
- CP Lacertae1936 Nova seen in the constellation Lacerta
- CP PuppisNova seen in 1942
- CQ TauriStar in the constellation Taurus
- CQ Ursae MajorisVariable star in the constellation Ursa Major
- CR BoötisStar system in the constellation Boötes
- Crab NebulaSupernova remnant in the constellation Taurus
- Crab PulsarPulsar in the constellation Taurus
- Crafoord PrizePrize awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Crafoord Foundation
- Crater (constellation)Constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
- Crater countingMethod for estimating the age of a planet's surface
- CrescentSymbol of a lunar phase
- Crimean Astrophysical ObservatoryAstrophysical observatory near Bakhchysarai, Crimea
- Cristina Dalle OreHyperspectral imaging and remote sensing expert
- Crossley telescopeReflecting telescope located at Lick Observatory in California
- CrownForm of headwear, symbolizing the power of a ruler
- CruxConstellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
- CryovolcanoVolcano that erupts gases and volatile material
- CTA-102Blazar-type quasar
- CubeSatMiniature satellite in 10 cm cube modules
- CulminationPassage of an astronomical body across the meridian
- Cuno HoffmeisterGerman astronomer
- Current sheetA current sheet is an electric current that is confined to a surface, rather than being sp
- CV SerpentisBinary star system
- CW LeonisCarbon star in the constellation Leo
- CX DraconisBinary star system in the constellation Draco
- Cybele asteroidsDynamical group of asteroids
- Cyclic modelCosmological models involving indefinite, self-sustaining cycles
- Cydonia (Mars)Area of Mars
- Cygnus (constellation)Constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
- Cygnus ARadio galaxy
- Cygnus LoopSupernova remnant in the constellation of Cygnus
- Cygnus OB2Cluster of massive and luminous stars
- Cygnus OB2-8ACygnus OB2 #8A is a double-lined spectroscopic binary located near the centre of the Cygnu
- Cygnus X (star complex)Star formation region in the constellation of Cygnus
- Cygnus X-1X-ray binary in Cygnus containing a stellar black hole
- Cygnus X-3High mass X-ray binary in the constellation of Cygnus
- Cyril Jackson (astronomer)South African astronomer
- CythereanCytherean is an adjective literally meaning of Cythera (Latin Cytherēa, from the Greek adj