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- S-dualityEquivalence of two physical theories
- S. Donald StookeyAmerican inventor and materials scientist (1915–2014)
- Saffron (color)Color that is a tone of golden yellow
- Saint-GobainFrench glass and construction material manufacturer
- Salvatore PaisRomanian-American aerospace engineer and inventor
- Sam Edwards (physicist)Welsh physicist (1928–2015)
- Sample (material)Limited amount of something intended to represent a larger amount of the same
- Samuel DevonsBritish physicist
- Samuel T. CohenAmerican physicist (1921–2010)
- Samuel Wesley Stratton AwardThe Samuel Wesley Stratton Award has been annually presented by the National Institute of
- San Francisco Declaration on Research AssessmentThe San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) is a statement that denounces
- Sandip TrivediIndian theoretical physicist
- Sankey diagramSpecific type of graphic flow diagram
- Satellite constellationGroup of artificial satellites working together as a system
- Savas DimopoulosGreek particle physicist
- Scalar (physics)One-dimensional physical quantity
- Scalar field theoryField theory of scalar fields
- Scalar potentialWhen potential energy difference depends only on displacement
- Scale (ratio)Proportional ratio of a linear dimension
- Scale invarianceFeatures that do not change if length or energy scales are multiplied by a common factor
- Scaling dimensionNumber specifying how a quantum operator changes under dilations
- Scanning probe microscopyBranch of microscopy
- Scarlet (color)Color shade of bright red
- ScatteringRange of physical processes in physics
- Schottky barrierPotential energy barrier in metal–semiconductor junctions
- Schröder's equationSchröder's equation, named after Ernst Schröder, is a functional equation with one indepen
- Schrödinger equationDescription of a quantum-mechanical system
- Schrödinger pictureFormulation of quantum mechanics
- Schrödinger's catThought experiment in quantum mechanics
- Schwarzschild metricSolution to the Einstein field equations
- Schwinger limitIn quantum electrodynamics (QED), the Schwinger limit is a scale above which the electroma
- Schwinger–Dyson equationEquations for correlation functions in QFT
- Schwinger's quantum action principleApproach to quantum theory
- Scientific formalismScientific formalism is a family of approaches to the presentation of science. It is viewe
- Scintillation (physics)Production of light due to absorption of high-energy photons or particles
- ScintillatorMaterial which glows when excited by ionizing radiation
- Screw axisGeometric axis of rotation and translation
- Second law of thermodynamicsPhysical law for entropy and heat
- Secondary colorColor made by mixing two primary colors
- Sector mass spectrometerA sector instrument is a general term for a class of mass spectrometer that uses a static
- Sedimentation potentialSedimentation potential occurs when dispersed particles move under the influence of either
- Seiberg dualityIn quantum field theory, Seiberg duality, conjectured by Nathan Seiberg in 1994, is an S-d
- Seifallah Randjbar-DaemiIranian theoretical physicist
- Seismic metamaterialA seismic metamaterial is a metamaterial that is designed to counteract the adverse effect
- Sekazi MtingwaSekazi Kauze Mtingwa: (born Michael Von Sawyer; October 20, 1949) is an American theoretic
- Self-archivingSelf-archiving is the act of (the author's) depositing a free copy of an electronic docume
- Self-assemblyProcess in which disordered components form an organized structure or pattern
- Self-cleaning glassMaterial
- Self-energyIn quantum field theory, the energy that a particle has as a result of changes that it cau
- Self-organizationProcess of forming order by local interactions
- Self-organized criticalityConcept in physics
- Self-referenceSentence, idea or formula that refers to itself
- Semi-empirical mass formulaFormula to approximate nuclear mass based on nucleon counts
- Semiclassical gravityPhysical theory with matter as quantum fields but gravity as a classical field
- Semiconductor Bloch equationsThe semiconductor Bloch equations (abbreviated as SBEs) describe the optical response of s
- Semiconductor detectorDevice measuring ionizing radiation
- Semiconductor luminescence equationsThe semiconductor luminescence equations (SLEs) describe luminescence of semiconductors re
- SensemakingGiving meaning to collective experiences
- Sensible heatSensible heat is heat exchanged by a body or thermodynamic system in which the exchange of
- Sergei GodunovRussian mathematician (1929–2023)
- Sergei GukovRussian physicist
- Sergei V. BulanovRussian physicist
- Sergio BertolucciSergio Bertolucci (born 1 January 1950) is an Italian particle physicist, and a former dir
- Series and parallel circuitsTypes of electrical circuits
- Seyhan DamThe Seyhan Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the Seyhan River north of Adana, Turkey.
- Shades of greenVarieties of the color green
- ShadowArea where light is blocked by an object
- Shallow focusShallow focus is a photographic and cinematographic technique incorporating a small depth
- Shaping processes in crystal growthShaping processes in crystal growth are a collection of techniques for growing bulk crysta
- Shear modulusRatio of shear stress to shear strain
- Shear stressComponent of stress coplanar with a material cross section
- Shearing (physics)Deformation due to shear stress
- Shielded metal arc weldingManual arc welding process
- Shin splintsA shin splint, also known as medial tibial stress syndrome, is pain along the inside edge
- Shiraz MinwallaIndian physicist
- Shock (mechanics)Sudden transient acceleration
- Shock wavePropagating disturbance
- Sidney ColemanAmerican physicist (1937–2007)
- Sidney DrellAmerican physicist (1926–2016)
- SigmaEighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet
- Sigma baryonThe sigma baryons are a family of subatomic hadron particles which have two quarks from th
- Sign conventionAgreed-upon meaning of a physical quantity being positive or negative
- Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is used in imaging to characterize image quality. The sensitiv
- Significant figuresDigit necessary to represent a quantity
- Silica gelPorous form of silicon dioxide
- Silver (color)Metallic color tone resembling gray
- Simon P. NortonSimon Phillips Norton (28 February 1952 – 13 February 2019) was a mathematician in Cambrid
- Simple harmonic motionTo-and-fro periodic motion in science and engineering
- Sine waveWave shaped like the sine function
- Single crystalMaterial with a continuous, unbroken crystal lattice
- Single-layer materialsCrystalline materials consisting of a single layer of atoms
- Single-phase generatorAlternating current electrical generator
- Sinusoidal plane waveType of plane wave
- Sisir Kumar SarkarIndian Bengali scientist (born 1953)
- Skew-Hermitian matrixIn linear algebra, a square matrix with complex entries is said to be skew-Hermitian or an
- Skew-symmetric matrixForm of a matrix
- Sky blueColor
- Slip (materials science)In materials science, slip is the large displacement of one part of a crystal relative to
- Slosh (cue sport)Slosh (also known as Russian billiards, Indian pool, Indian billiards, and toad-in-the-hol
- Slosh dynamicsMovement of liquid inside another moving object
- Small-angle neutron scatteringSmall-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is an experimental technique that uses elastic neutr
- Small-angle scatteringSmall-angle scattering (SAS) is a scattering technique based on deflection of collimated r
- Smart fluidFluid whose properties can be changed by applying an electric or magnetic field
- Smoothed-particle hydrodynamicsSmoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a computational method used for simulating the me
- Snell's lawFormula for refraction angles
- SNO+46°28′30″N 81°12′04″W / 46.475°N 81.201°W
- Social dynamicsStudy of behavior of groups
- Societal impact of nanotechnologyThe societal impact of nanotechnology are the potential benefits and challenges that the i
- Society of Saint Vincent de PaulChristian community service organization
- SOFAR channelThe SOFAR channel (short for sound fixing and ranging channel), or deep sound channel (DSC
- Soft matterSubfield of condensed matter physics
- Soft Matter (journal)Soft Matter is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the science of soft matter. It
- Soil mechanicsBranch of soil physics and applied mechanics that describes the behavior of soils
- Sol–gel processIn materials science, the sol–gel process is a method for producing solid materials from s
- Solar constantIntensity of sunlight or solar constant
- Solar thermal energyTechnology using sunlight for heat
- Solar timeCalculation of elapsed time by the apparent position of the sun
- Solar-cell efficiencyRatio of energy extracted from sunlight in solar cells
- SolidState of matter
- Solid mechanicsBranch of mechanics concerned with solid materials and their behaviors
- Solid-state physicsBranch of physics focused on matter in the solid state
- SolitonSelf-reinforcing single wave packet
- Solvay ConferenceBelgium academic gatherings since 1911
- Sonic boomShock wave from flying at the speed of sound
- Soudan 2Soudan 2 was a particle detector located in the Soudan Mine in Northern Minnesota, United
- SoundAudible vibration that travels via pressure waves in matter
- Sound intensityPower carried by sound waves
- Sound powerRate at which sound energy is reflected or transmitted per unit time
- Sound pressureLocal pressure deviation caused by a sound wave
- Soviet atomic bomb projectSoviet Union program to develop nuclear weapons during and after World War II
- SpaceFramework of distances and directions
- SpacetimeMathematical model combining space and time
- Spacetime diagramGraph of space and time in special relativity
- Spacetime symmetriesType of symmetry in physics
- Spacetime topologyTopological structure of 4D spacetime
- SpaghettificationPhenomenon in astrophysics
- SpallationMatter ejection from a target due to projectile impact
- Spark plugDevice that generates sparks in internal combustion engines
- Spark-ignition engineA spark-ignition engine (SI engine) is an internal combustion engine, generally a petrol e
- Spatial frequencyCharacteristic of any structure that is periodic across a position in space
- Special relativityTheory of interwoven space and time by Albert Einstein
- Specific heat capacityHeat required to raise the temperature of a given unit of mass of a substance
- Specific volumeVolume occupied per unit mass
- Specific weightWeight per unit volume of a material
- Spectral bandPart of a spectrum
- Spectral colorColor evoked by a single wavelength of light in the visible spectrum
- Spectral densityRelative importance of certain frequencies in a composite signal
- Spectral gap (physics)In quantum mechanics, the spectral gap of a system is the energy difference between its gr
- Spectral lineDistinctive narrow spectral feature of chemical species
- Spectral power distributionIn radiometry, photometry, and color science, a spectral power distribution (SPD) measurem
- Spectral radianceIn radiometry, spectral radiance or specific intensity is the radiance of a surface per un
- Spectral sensitivityRelative efficiency of detecting a signal as a function of its frequency or wavelength
- SpectrumContinuous range of values, such as wavelengths in physics
- Spectrum (physical sciences)Concept relating to waves and signals
- Specular reflectionMirror-like wave reflection
- SpeedMagnitude of velocity
- Speed of lightSpeed of electromagnetic waves
- Speed of soundSpeed of sound wave through elastic medium
- Spherical aberrationOptical aberration
- Spherical harmonicsSpecial mathematical functions defined on the surface of a sphere
- Spherically symmetric spacetimeIn physics, spherically symmetric spacetimes are commonly used to obtain analytic and nume
- Spin (physics)Intrinsic quantum property of particles
- Spin 1/2Elementary particles with a spin of 1/2
- Spin echoIn magnetic resonance, a spin echo or Hahn echo is the refocusing of spin magnetisation by
- Spin foamTopological structure in loop quantum gravity
- Spin gapless semiconductorClass of materials
- Spin glassDisordered magnetic state
- Spin Hall effectTransport phenomenon in physics
- Spin quantum numberQuantum number parameterizing spin and angular momentum
- Spin waveIn condensed matter physics, a spin wave is a propagating disturbance in the ordering of a
- Spin–lattice relaxationDuring nuclear magnetic resonance observations, spin–lattice relaxation is the mechanism b
- Spin–orbit interactionRelativistic interaction in quantum physics
- Spin–statistics theoremTheorem in quantum mechanics
- Spinodal decompositionSpinodal decomposition is a mechanism by which a single thermodynamic phase spontaneously
- SpinorNon-tensorial representation of the spin group
- SpinthariscopeDevice for observing individual nuclear disintegrations
- Splitting the AtomSplitting the Atom is an EP by Massive Attack. It was released as a download on 4 October
- Spontaneous emissionQuantum mechanical state change
- Spontaneous magnetizationSudden appearance of magnetic order in cold substances
- Spontaneous processThermodynamic operation
- Spontaneous symmetry breakingSymmetry breaking through the vacuum state
- Spring greenColor
- Spring scaleMechanism to measure force based on the extension of a spring
- Squeezed states of lightQuantum states light can be in
- SRGBStandard RGB color space
- Stacking faultIn crystallography, a stacking fault is a planar defect that can occur in crystalline mate
- Standard mapThe standard map (also known as the Chirikov–Taylor map or as the Chirikov standard map) i
- Standard ModelTheory of forces and subatomic particles
- Standard temperature and pressureReference values for temperature and pressure
- Standing waveWave that remains in a constant position
- Stanley DeserAmerican physicist (1931–2023)
- Staring arrayA staring array, also known as staring-plane array or focal-plane array (FPA), is an image
- Stark effectSpectral line splitting in electrical field
- State functionFunction describing equilibrium states of a system
- State of matterForms which matter can take
- State variableQuantity used to describe the mathematical state of a dynamical system
- Static electricityImbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material
- Static pressureTerm in fluid mechanics
- StaticsBranch of mechanics concerned with balance of forces in nonmoving systems
- Stationary spacetimeIn general relativity, specifically in the Einstein field equations, a spacetime is said t
- Stationary stateQuantum state with all observables independent of time
- Stationary-action principleThe stationary-action principle – also known as the principle of least action – is a varia
- Statistical field theoryIn theoretical physics, statistical field theory (SFT) is a theoretical framework that des
- Statistical mechanicsPhysics of many interacting particles
- Steady stateState in which variables of a system are unchanging in time
- Stefan–Boltzmann lawPhysical law on the emissive power of black body
- StellaratorPlasma device using external magnets to confine plasma
- Stephanie A. MajewskiStephanie A. Majewski (born 1981) is an American physicist at the University of Oregon (UO
- Stern–Gerlach experiment1922 physical experiment demonstrating that atomic spin is quantized
- Steuben Glass WorksAmerican art glass manufacturer
- StiffnessResistance to deformation in response to force
- Stimulated emissionRelease of a photon triggered by another
- Stirling cycleThermodynamic cycle that includes the basic Stirling engine
- Stirling engineClosed-cycle regenerative heat engine
- Stochastic coolingParticle beam cooling mechanism
- Stokes driftFor a pure wave motion in fluid dynamics, the Stokes drift velocity is the average velocit
- Stokes parametersSet of values that describe the polarization state of electromagnetic radiation
- Stokes problemOscillating boundary layer over a plate
- Stokes radiusThe Stokes radius or Stokes–Einstein radius of a solute is the radius of a hard sphere tha
- Stokes's lawEquation for the velocity of a body in viscous fluid
- Strain (mechanics)Relative deformation of a physical body
- Strain rateRate of change in the linear deformation of a material with respect to time
- Stramonita haemastomaStramonita haemastoma, common name the red-mouthed rock shell or the Florida dog winkle, i
- Strange quarkType of quark
- StrangenessProperty of elementary particles
- Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlinesField lines in a fluid flow
- Strength of materialsThe strength of materials is determined using various methods of calculating the stresses
- Stress (mechanics)Physical quantity that expresses internal forces in a continuous material
- Stress corrosion crackingGrowth of cracks in a corrosive environment
- Stress–energy tensorTensor describing energy momentum density in spacetime
- Stress–strain curveCurve representing a material's response to applied forces
- Striation (fatigue)Striations are marks produced on the fracture surface that show the incremental growth of
- String (physics)Hypothetical physical entity
- String cosmologyBranch of string theory
- String theoryTheory of subatomic structure
- String theory landscapeCollection of possible string theory vacua
- String-net liquidIn condensed matter physics, a string-net is an extended object whose collective behavior
- Strong CP problemQuestion of why quantum chromodynamics does seem to not break CP-symmetry
- Strong interactionBinding of quarks in subatomic particles
- Strongly correlated materialStrongly correlated materials are a wide class of compounds that include insulators and el
- Structural loadMechanical loads (forces) applied to a structure or its components
- Structural rigidityCombinatorial theory of mechanics and discrete geometry
- Structure factorIn condensed matter physics and crystallography, the static structure factor (or structure
- Subatomic particleParticle smaller than an atom
- SublimationTransition from solid to gas without melting
- Subliminal stimuliSensory stimuli below an individual's threshold for conscious perception
- Subtractive colorLight passing through successive filters
- Sudbury Neutrino ObservatoryUnderground laboratory in Ontario, Canada
- Sunil MukhiIndian physicist
- Super Proton SynchrotronThe Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is a particle accelerator of the synchrotron type at CE
- Super-KamiokandeJapanese neutrino observatory
- Super-Poincaré algebraIn theoretical physics, a super-Poincaré algebra is an extension of the Poincaré algebra t
- Superconducting coherence lengthIn superconductivity, the superconducting coherence length, usually denoted as (Greek lowe
- Superconducting magnetElectromagnet made from coils of superconducting wire
- Superconducting quantum computingQuantum computing implementation
- SuperconductivityElectrical conductivity with exactly zero resistance
- Superconformal algebraIn theoretical physics, the superconformal algebra is a graded Lie algebra or superalgebra
- Supercritical fluidState of matter
- SuperdeterminismClass of theories in quantum mechanics
- SuperdiamagnetismSuperdiamagnetism (or perfect diamagnetism) is a phenomenon occurring in certain materials
- Superfluid vacuum theoryTheory of fundamental physics
- SuperfluidityFluid which flows without losing kinetic energy
- SupergravityModern theory of gravitation that combines supersymmetry and general relativity
- Superheated steamSteam whose temperature can be decreased without immediately condensing
- SuperheatingHeating a liquid to a temperature above its boiling point without boiling
- SuperKEKBSuperKEKB is a particle collider located at KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organisa
- SuperlensType of transmissive optical device
- Supernova neutrinosSupernova neutrinos are weakly interactive elementary particles produced during a core-col
- SuperparamagnetismForm of magnetism
- Superposition principleFundamental principle of physics
- SuperselectionIn quantum mechanics, superselection extends the concept of selection rules.
- SupersolidState of matter
- Supersonic speedSpeed that exceeds the speed of sound
- Superstring theoryTheory of strings with supersymmetry
- SupersymmetrySymmetry between bosons and fermions
- Surface acoustic waveA surface acoustic wave (SAW) is an acoustic wave traveling along the surface of a materia
- Surface energyExcess energy at the surface of a material relative to its interior
- Surface plasmonCoherent delocalized electron oscillations
- Surface plasmon polaritonElectromagnetic waves that travel along an interface
- Surface tensionTendency of a liquid surface to shrink to reduce surface area
- Surface wavePhysical phenomenon
- Surgical maskMouth and nose cover against bacterial aerosols
- Susceptibility weighted imagingSusceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), originally called BOLD venographic imaging, is an M
- Swap testTechnique for comparing quantum states
- Sydney Chapman (mathematician)British mathematician and geophysicist
- Sylvester James GatesAmerican physicist
- Symmetry (physics)Feature of a system that is preserved under some transformation
- Symmetry breakingPhysical process transitioning a system from a symmetric state to a more ordered state
- Symmetry in quantum mechanicsProperties underlying modern physics
- Symons Gold MedalThe Symons Gold Medal is awarded biennially by the Royal Meteorological Society for distin
- SynchrotronType of cyclic particle accelerator
- Synchrotron light sourceA synchrotron light source is a source of electromagnetic radiation (EM) usually produced
- Synchrotron radiationElectromagnetic radiation
- Synergetics (Haken)Interdisciplinary science
- System dynamicsStudy of non-linear complex systems
- Systems scienceStudy of the nature of systems
- Systems thinkingExamining complex systems as a whole
- Syun-Ichi AkasofuGeophysicist and climatologist (born 1930)
- SYZ conjectureThe SYZ conjecture is an attempt to understand the mirror symmetry conjecture, an issue in
