Gelato

History

Cosimo Ruggeri and Bernardo Buontalenti were 16th-century contemporaries who are credited by some sources with the invention of gelato, while other sources claim that Sicilian cooks gradually modified the sherbet recipe over time, giving birth to the earliest form of gelato.

In Florence, Cosimo Ruggeri is credited with creating one of the first gelati, fior di latte , at the court of Catherine de' Medici, in a competition with the theme "il piatto più singolare che si fosse mai visto" (lit. 'the most singular dish that had ever been seen').

In the 1530s, Catherine de' Medici took gelato to Paris.

Around 1565, Bernardo Buontalenti, an innovator in ice conservation, made a sorbet with ice, salt, lemon, wine, milk, sugar, egg, and honey, "plus orange and bergamot flavouring".

In 1686, Francesco Procopio dei Coltelli, a Sicilian, brought his grandfather Francesco's gelato-making machine to Paris, opened Café Procope and introduced the dessert. Procopio obtained French citizenship, and a royal license from Louis XIV, making him the sole producer of the frozen dessert in the kingdom. Being one of the first to sell gelato directly to the public (prior to then it was reserved only for nobles), and making it known in the rest of Europe, Procopio is sometimes referred to as "the father of Italian gelato".

In 1945, in Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Bruto Carpigiani began selling gelato-making equipment, and created Motogelatiera, the first automated gelato machine. The batch freezer made it easier to store frozen desserts. Carpigiani is a big manufacturer of gelato machinery.

The largest ice cream cone in the world was created in 2011 in Rimini, Emilia-Romagna, during the 32nd edition of the International Exhibition of Handcrafted Gelato, Pastry, and Bakery. The cone, made with over 2,000 wafers, was 2.81 meters (9 ft 3 in) tall and weighed 70 kilograms (150 lb). Leading the team of seven artisans who accomplished the feat was the chocolatier Mirco Della Vecchia.

Flavors

The original fior di latte is a plain, base ice cream with no flavorings and no eggs added. Stracciatella is fior di latte gelato with chocolate chunks. Traditional flavors of gelato include crema ('custard'), vanilla, chocolate, hazelnut, almond, and pistachio. Modern flavors include a variety of fruit flavors.

Commercial production

The process of making gelato is complex, starting with a custard base, mixed with milk and sugar, heating the ingredients to 85 °C (185 °F) for pasteurization. Then, it is lowered to 5 °C (41 °F) and mixed to the desired texture. The mixed gelato is then batched in the freezer.

As with other ice creams, the sugar in gelato prevents it from freezing solid by binding to the water and interfering with the normal formation of ice crystals. This creates smaller ice crystals and results in the smooth texture of gelato. Commercial gelati are often sweetened with inverted sugar, sucrose, dextrose or xylitol, and may include a stabilizer such as guar gum.