Protection

The meaning of the word protection, as used in the electrical industry, is no different to that in everyday use. People protect themselves against personal or financial loss by means of insurance as well as from injury or discomfort by the use of protective clothing. They further protect their property by the installation of security measures such as locks and/or alarm systems.

Some kind of protection is a characteristic of all life, as living things have evolved at least some protective mechanisms to counter damaging environmental phenomena, such as ultraviolet light. Biological membranes such as bark on trees and skin on animals offer protection from various threats, with skin playing a key role in protecting organisms against pathogens and excessive water loss. Additional structures like scales and hair offer further protection from the elements and from predators, with some animals having features such as spines or camouflage serving exclusively as anti-predator adaptations. Many animals supplement the protection afforded by their physiology by burrowing or otherwise adopting habitats or behaviors that insulate them from potential sources of harm. Humans originally began wearing clothing and building shelters in prehistoric times for protection from the elements. Both humans and animals are also often concerned with the protection of others, with adult animals being particularly inclined to seek to protect their young from elements of nature and from predators.

In the human sphere of activity, the concept of protection has been extended to nonliving objects, including technological systems such as computers, and to intangible things such as intellectual property, beliefs, and economic systems. Humans seek to protect locations of historical and cultural significance through historic preservation efforts, and are also concerned with protecting the environment from damage caused by human activity, and with protecting the Earth as a whole from potentially harmful objects from space.

Physical protection

Protection of objects

• Fire protection, including passive fire protection measures such as physical firewalls and fireproofing, and active fire protection measures, such as fire sprinkler systems.
• Waterproofing, though application of surface layers that repel water.
• Rot-proofing and rustproofing
• Thermal conductivity resistance
• Impact resistance
• Radiation protection, protection of people and the environment from radiation
• Dust resistance
• Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property, including a large number of techniques to preserve sites of historical or archaeological value

Protection of persons

• Close protection, physical protection and security from danger of very important persons
• Climbing protection, safety measures in climbing
• Diplomatic protection
• Humanitarian protection, the protection of civilians, in conflict zones and other humanitarian crises
• Journalism source protection
• Personal protective equipment
• Safe sex practices to afford sexual protection against pregnancy and disease, particularly the use of condoms
• Executive protection, security measures taken to ensure the safety of important persons
• Protection racket, a criminal scheme involving exchanging money from "protection" against violence
• Right of asylum, protection for those seeking asylum from persecution by political groups and to ensure safe passage
• Workplace or employment retaliation, protecting individuals in the workplace such as from being fired for opposing, aiding and complaining about workplace practices