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- SaccadeEye movement
- SacculeBed of sensory cells in the inner ear
- Sacroiliac jointJoint of the pelvis and spine
- Saddle jointA saddle joint (sellar joint, articulation by reciprocal reception) is a type of synovial
- Sagittal planeAnatomical plane dividing the body into left and right
- Salience (neuroscience)State or quality by which an item stands out from its neighbors
- Salience networkLarge-scale brain network involved in detecting and attending to relevant stimuli
- Salivatory nucleiNeural nuclei in the brainstem which control salivation
- Samuel A. LevineSamuel Albert Levine (January 1, 1891 – March 31, 1966) was an American cardiologist. The
- Sandra WitelsonCanadian neuroscientist
- Saphenous openingIn anatomy, the saphenous opening (saphenous hiatus, also fossa ovalis) is an oval opening
- Sara MednickAmerican neuroscientist
- Sarah Graham KenanSarah Graham Kenan (February 17, 1876 – March 16, 1968) was an American heiress and philan
- SarcolemmaThe sarcolemma (sarco (from sarx) from Greek; flesh, and lemma from Greek; sheath), also c
- SargramostimSargramostim (tradename Leukine) is a recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulatin
- Sattler's layerSattler's layer, named after Hubert Sattler, an Austrian ophthalmologist, is one of five (
- Savant syndromePsychological phenomenon
- Scaffold proteinIn biology, scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signalling pathways. Alth
- Scanning laser ophthalmoscopyScanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) is a method of examination of the eye. It uses the tec
- Sciatic nerveLarge nerve in humans and other animals
- Science and inventions of Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) was an Italian polymath, regarded as the epitome of the "Ren
- Science of moralityForms of ethical naturalism
- ScleraWhite part of an eyeball
- SclerotherapySclerotherapy (the word reflects the Greek skleros, meaning hard) is a procedure used to t
- SCNN1BThe SCNN1B gene encodes for the β subunit of the epithelial sodium channel ENaC in vertebr
- SCNN1DThe SCNN1D gene encodes for the δ (delta) subunit of the epithelial sodium channel ENaC in
- SCNN1GThe SCNN1G gene encodes for the γ subunit of the epithelial sodium channel ENaC in vertebr
- Sebaceous glandGland to lubricate the hair and skin
- Second metacarpal boneThe second metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the index finger) is the longest, and its b
- Second metatarsal boneThe second metatarsal bone is a long bone in the foot. It is the longest of the metatarsal
- Secondary consciousnessAwareness beyond things in the world in the present
- Segmental medullary arterySegmental medullary arteries are arteries of varying size in the thoracolumbar region that
- Selective auditory attentionSelective attention involving the auditory system
- Semicircular canalsOrgan located in innermost part of ear
- Semilunar hiatusThe semilunar hiatus (eg, hiatus semilunaris) is a crescent-shaped/semicircular/ curved sl
- Seminal colliculusThe seminal colliculus (Latin colliculus seminalis), or verumontanum, of the prostatic ure
- Seminal vesiclesPair of simple tubular glands
- Sense of balancePhysiological sense regarding posture
- SensitizationNon-associative learning process
- Sensorineural hearing lossHearing loss caused by an inner ear or vestibulocochlear nerve defect
- Sensory decussationThe sensory decussation or decussation of the lemnisci is a decussation (a crossing over)
- Sensory mapAreas of the brain
- Sensory nerveNerve that carries sensory information toward the central nervous system
- Sensory processingProcess that distinguishes sensory information from an organism's body and environment
- Sensory substitutionPhenomenon in cognitive neuroscience
- Sensory-motor couplingIntegration of the sensory and motor systems
- Septal areaArea in the frontal lobe of the brain
- SeptumBiological term for a wall dividing a cavity or structure
- Septum glandisThe septum glandis, also septum of the glans, refers to the fibrous partition of the ventr
- Septum primumDuring heart development of a human embryo, the single primitive atrium becomes divided in
- Septum secundumThe septum secundum is a muscular flap that is important in heart development. It is semil
- Serial memory processingProcessing one memory at a time
- Serine/threonine-specific protein kinaseA serine/threonine protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.-) is a kinase enzyme, in particular a protei
- Serotonergic cell groupsCollections of neurons containing serotonin
- Serotonin modulator and stimulatorA serotonin modulator and stimulator (SMS), sometimes referred to more simply as a seroton
- Serotonin pathwayNeurons in the brain that communicate using serotonin
- Serous membraneSmooth tissue lining body cavities
- Serum (blood)Fluid and solute component of blood
- Serum albuminSerum albumin, often referred to simply as blood albumin, is an albumin (a type of globula
- Serum chlorideChloride is an anion in the human body needed for metabolism (the process of turning food
- Serum total proteinSerum total protein, also known as total protein, is a clinical chemistry parameter repres
- Sesamoid boneBone embedded within a tendon or muscle
- Sexual differentiation in humansProcess of development of sex differences in humans
- Sexual dimorphism in human physiologySexual dimorphism in human physiology refers to the distinct physiological characteristics
- Sexually dimorphic nucleusCluster in the human hypothalamus
- Seymour S. KetyAmerican neuroscientist
- Sholl analysisSholl analysis is a method of quantitative analysis commonly used in neuronal studies to c
- Short boneBones that are as wide as they are long
- Short posterior ciliary arteriesThe short posterior ciliary arteries are a number of branches of the ophthalmic artery. Th
- Shoulder girdleSet of bones which connects the arm to the axial skeleton on each side
- Shoulder problemShoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits
- Sigma receptorClass of cell surface receptors
- Sigma-1 receptorChaperone protein
- Sigma-2 receptorProtein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
- Sigmoid arteriesThe sigmoid arteries are 2–5 branches of the inferior mesenteric artery that are distribut
- Signal transducing adaptor proteinSignal transducing adaptor proteins (STAPs) are proteins that are accessory to main protei
- Silent synapseGlutametergic neuronal junction that is typically inactive
- Simple cellBrain cell
- Simple squamous epitheliumTissue type
- Single-photon emission computed tomographyNuclear medicine tomographic imaging technique
- Sinoatrial blockA sinoatrial block (also spelled sinuatrial block) is a disorder in the normal rhythm of t
- Sinoatrial nodal arteryThe sinoatrial nodal artery, sinoatrial nodal artery or sinoatrial artery is an artery of
- Sinoatrial nodeGroup of cells in the wall of the heart
- Sinus (anatomy)Sac or cavity in any organ or tissue
- Sinus rhythmCardiac rhythm
- Sinus venarumThe sinus venarum (also known as the sinus of the vena cava, or sinus venarum cavarum) is
- Sinus venosusThe sinus venosus is a large quadrangular cavity which precedes the atrium on the venous s
- Sleep cycleOscillation between the slow-wave and REM phases of sleep
- Sleep diaryA sleep diary is a record of an individual's sleeping and waking times with related inform
- Sleep onsetTransition from wakefulness into sleep
- Sleep Research SocietyThe Sleep Research Society (SRS) is an organization that promotes the science of sleep and
- Small cardiac veinBlood vessel
- Smooth pursuitType of eye movement used for closely following a moving object
- Social (pragmatic) communication disorderNeurodevelopmental disorder affecting social communication
- Sodium channelTransmembrane protein allowing sodium ions in and out
- Sodium pyruvateSodium pyruvate is a salt of the conjugate anion form of pyruvic acid, known as pyruvate.
- Sole (foot)Bottom part of foot
- Solitary nucleusSensory nuclei in medulla oblongata
- Solute carrier familyThe solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members org
- Soma (biology)Portion of a brain cell containing its nucleus
- Somatic nervous systemPart of the peripheral nervous system
- SomatoparaphreniaDelusion involving denial of ownership of a limb
- Somatopleuric mesenchymeIn the anatomy of an embryo, the somatopleure is a structure created during embryogenesis
- Somatostatin receptorSomatostatin receptors are receptors for the ligand somatostatin, a small neuropeptide ass
- Sorangium cellulosumSorangium cellulosum is a soil-dwelling Gram-negative bacterium of the group myxobacteria.
- Sortilin 1Sortilin (SORT1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SORT1 gene on chromosome 1.
- Spatial contextual awarenessSpatial contextual awareness consociates contextual information such as an individual's or
- Special sensesSenses with specialized organs
- SpectrinSpectrin is a cytoskeletal protein that lines the intracellular side of the plasma membran
- Spermatic cordThe spermatic cord is the cord-like structure in males formed by the vas deferens (ductus
- SpermatidDirect precursor of a sperm cell
- SpermiogenesisSpermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis, during which the spermatids develop
- Sphenoid boneBone of the neurocranium
- Sphincter of OddiThe sphincter of Oddi (also hepatopancreatic sphincter or Glisson's sphincter), abbreviate
- Spike-triggered averageTool for characterizing the response properties of a neuron
- Spinal fractureA spinal fracture, also called a vertebral fracture or a broken back, is a fracture affect
- Spinal neuronComponent of central nervous system (CNS)
- Spinal shockLoss of sensation and paralysis following a spinal cord injury
- Spinotectal tractThe spinotectal tract and/or spinomesencephalic tract (also spinotectal fibers, spinomesen
- Spinothalamic tractSensory pathway from the skin to the thalamus
- Split-brainCondition of the human brain
- Sporadic diseaseIn infectious disease epidemiology, a sporadic disease is an infectious disease which occu
- Squamous part of occipital boneThe squamous part of occipital bone is situated above and behind the foramen magnum, and i
- Squamous part of the frontal boneThe squamous part of the frontal bone is the superior (approximately two thirds) portion w
- StapesBone of the middle ear
- Startle responseAction or movement due to the application of a sudden unexpected stimulus
- State government response to the opioid epidemic in the United StatesOngoing overuse of opioid medication in the US
- State-dependent memoryPsychological phenomenon
- STEAP2Metalloreductase STEAP2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the STEAP2 gene.
- Steinke hoodA Steinke hood, named for its inventor, Lieutenant Harris Steinke, is a device designed to
- Stereotactic surgeryStereotactic surgery is a minimally invasive form of surgical intervention that makes use
- Sternal angleThe sternal angle (also known as the angle of Lewis, angle of Louis, angle of Ludovic, or
- Sternoclavicular jointThe sternoclavicular joint or sternoclavicular articulation is a synovial saddle joint bet
- StimulationProviding something that rouses the recipient to activity
- Stimulus (physiology)Detectable change in the internal or external surroundings
- Stockholm formatStockholm format is a multiple sequence alignment format used by Pfam, Rfam and Dfam, to d
- Storage (memory)In mental memory, storage is one of three fundamental stages along with encoding and retri
- Stratified columnar epitheliumTissue type
- Stratified squamous epitheliumTissue type
- Stretch reflexMuscle contraction in response to stretching
- Stroke volumeMeasurement in cardiovascular physiology
- Stroma of ovaryThe stroma of the ovary is a unique type of connective tissue abundantly supplied with blo
- Structural Classification of Proteins databaseBiological database of proteins
- Stuttering in popular cultureThere are many references to stuttering (also called stammering) in popular culture. Becau
- Stylomastoid arteryThe stylomastoid artery enters the stylomastoid foramen and supplies the tympanic cavity,
- Stylomastoid foramenThe stylomastoid foramen is a foramen between the styloid and mastoid processes of the tem
- Stylopharyngeus muscleThe stylopharyngeus muscle is a muscle in the head. It originates from the temporal styloi
- Subcallosal areaThe subcallosal area (parolfactory area of Broca) is a small triangular field on the media
- Subclavian arteryMajor arteries of the upper thorax, below the clavicle
- Subclavian veinBlood vessel that drains the arm
- Subcortical ischemic depressionMedical condition
- Subcostal arteriesThe subcostal arteries, so named because they lie below the last ribs, constitute the lowe
- Subcostal nerveThe subcostal nerve (anterior division of the twelfth thoracic nerve) is a mixed motor and
- Subjective constancyConstancy of perception
- Sublingual glandThe sublingual gland (glandula sublingualis) is a seromucous polystomatic exocrine gland.
- Submandibular glandHuman salivary gland
- Submasseteric spaceThe submasseterric space (also termed the masseteric space) is a fascial space of the head
- Submental arteryThe submental artery is the largest branch of the facial artery in the neck. It first runs
- SubmucosaThin layer of tissue in various organs
- SubserosaThe subserosa or tela subserosa, is a thin layer of tissue in the walls of various organs.
- Substantia innominataThe substantia innominata, also innominate substance or substantia innominata of Meynert (
- Substantia nigraStructure in the basal ganglia of the brain
- Subthalamic nucleusSmall lens-shaped nucleus in the brain
- Subventricular zoneRegion outside each lateral ventricle of the brain
- Suicide inhibitionType of enzyme inhibition by forming an irreversible complex with the substrate
- Sulcus (morphology)In biological morphology and anatomy, a sulcus (pl.: sulci) is a furrow or fissure (Latin
- Sulcus (neuroanatomy)Fold in the surface of the brain
- Summer of Love1967 social phenomenon in San Francisco
- Super recogniserSignificantly better-than-average face recognition ability
- Superficial epigastric arteryThe superficial epigastric artery (not to be confused with the superior epigastric artery)
- Superficial fibular nerveNerve in the human leg and foot
- Superficial palmar archThe superficial palmar arch is formed predominantly by the ulnar artery, with a contributi
- Superficial temporal arteryIn human anatomy, the superficial temporal artery is a major artery of the head. It arises
- SuperintelligenceHypothetical agent surpassing human intelligence
- Superior cerebellar arteryArtery of the head
- Superior cervical ganglionThe superior cervical ganglion (SCG) is the upper-most and largest of the cervical sympath
- Superior colliculusStructure in the midbrain
- Superior dental plexusThe superior dental plexus is a nerve plexus that innervates the upper/maxillary teeth and
- Superior epigastric arteryIn human anatomy, the superior epigastric artery is a terminal branch of the internal thor
- Superior epigastric veinIn human anatomy, the superior epigastric veins are two or more venae comitantes which acc
- Superior gluteal arteryThe superior gluteal artery is the terminal branch of the posterior division of the intern
- Superior gluteal nerveThe superior gluteal nerve is a mixed (motor and sensory) nerve of the sacral plexus that
- Superior hypogastric plexusThe superior hypogastric plexus (in older texts, hypogastric plexus or presacral nerve) is
- Superior intercostal veinThe superior intercostal veins are two veins that drain the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th intercostal
- Superior labial arteryThe superior labial artery (superior labial branch of facial artery) is larger and more eg
- Superior mesenteric arteryArtery which supplies blood to the intestines and pancreas
- Superior mesenteric plexusThe superior mesenteric plexus is a continuation of the lower part of the celiac plexus, r
- Superior mesenteric veinIn human anatomy, the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) is a blood vessel that drains blood f
- Superior olivary complexCollection of brainstem nuclei related to hearing
- Superior rectal arteryThe superior rectal artery (superior hemorrhoidal artery) is an artery that descends into
- Superior rectus muscleExtraocular muscle that elevates the eye
- Superior suprarenal arteryThe superior suprarenal artery is an artery in the abdomen. It is a branch of the inferior
- Superior temporal sulcusPart of the brain's temporal lobe
- Superior thyroid arteryBlood vessel
- Superior tympanic arteryThe superior tympanic artery is a small artery in the head. It is a branch of the middle m
- Superior ulnar collateral arteryThe superior ulnar collateral artery (inferior profunda artery), of small size, arises fro
- Superior vena cavaOne of two veinous trunks bringing deoxygenated blood back to the heart
- Suprachiasmatic nucleusPart of the brain's hypothalamus
- Supraorbital arteryThe supraorbital artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery. It passes anteriorly within
- Supraorbital foramenThe supraorbital foramen, is a bony elongated opening located above the orbit (eye socket)
- Supraorbital nerveThe supraorbital nerve is one of two terminal branches - the other being the supratrochlea
- Supraorbital veinThe supraorbital vein is a vein of the forehead. It communicates with the frontal branch o
- Suprarenal veinsThe suprarenal veins are two in number:
- Supratrochlear nerveThe supratrochlear nerve is a branch of the frontal nerve, itself a branch of the ophthalm
- Supraventricular tachycardiaAbnormally fast heart rhythm
- Sural arteriesThe sural arteries (inferior muscular arteries) are two large branches, lateral and medial
- Surface anatomyStudy of the external features of the body of an animal
- Surgical stressSystemic response to surgical injury
- Surviving Sepsis CampaignThe Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) is a global initiative to bring together professional
- Sustentacular cellA sustentacular cell is a type of cell primarily associated with structural support, they
- Suzana Herculano-HouzelBrazilian neuroscientist (born 1972)
- SwallowingProcess used to transport solids and liquids from the mouth to the stomach
- Sympathetic trunkBundle of nerve fibers
- Synaptic gatingSynaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or
- Synaptic plasticityAbility of a synapse to strengthen or weaken over time according to its activity
- Synaptic scalingForm of homeostatic plasticity
- Synaptic stabilizationModifying synaptic strength via cell adhesion molecules
- Synaptic vesicleNeurotransmitters that are released at the synapse
- Synaptic weightAspect of an artificial neural network
- SynaptogenesisFormation of neuronal junctions in the nervous system
- SynaptosomeIsolated synaptic terminal from a neuron
- SynaptotagminSynaptotagmins (SYTs) constitute a family of membrane-trafficking proteins that are charac
- Synovial jointArticulation which admits free motion in the joint; the most common type of articulation
- SystolePart of the cardiac cycle when a heart chamber contracts
