Ancient history
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- PakhetAncient Egyptian goddess of war
- PalaestePalaeste or Palaiste was a town in the Ceraunian Mountains, on the Chaonian coast, between
- Palaia EpidavrosPalaia Epidavros or Palaia Epidauros (also Palea Epidavros and Palea Epidauros; Greek: Παλ
- Palla (garment)The palla was an elegant cloak or mantle that was wrapped around the body. It was worn out
- Palladium (classical antiquity)In Greek and Roman mythology, the Palladium or Palladion (Greek Παλλάδιον (Palladion), Lat
- PamphaiosPamphaios was an Attic potter active around the end of the 6th century BC. Pamphaios was t
- Pan (god)Ancient Greek god of the wilds, shepherds, and flocks
- PanaceaIn Greek mythology and religion, Panacea (Greek Πανάκεια, Panakeia), a goddess of universa
- Panathenaic amphoraPanathenaic amphorae were the amphorae, large ceramic vessels, that contained the olive oi
- Pandora's boxGreek mythological artefact
- PanegyricPublic speech in praise of a person
- Panhellenic GamesFour distinct Ancient Greek sports festivals
- PanopeusPanopeus (Πανοπεύς), or Phanoteus (the name is given in a variety of forms in the ancient
- Papyrus 16Papyrus 16 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by 𝔓16, is an early copy of the N
- Papyrus 32Papyrus 32 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by 𝔓32, is an early copy of the N
- Papyrus 47Papyrus 47 (P. Chester Beatty III), designated by siglum 𝔓47 (in the Gregory-Aland number
- Papyrus 74Papyrus 74 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by 𝔓74, is a copy of the New Test
- Papyrus Harris IManuscript
- Parable of the LeavenThe Parable of the Leaven, also called the parable of the yeast, is one of the shortest pa
- Parables of JesusParables taught by Jesus of Nazareth according to Christian gospels
- ParacleteGreek for advocate or helper
- Parallel textA parallel text is a text placed alongside its translation or translations. Parallel text
- Paris (mythology)Trojan prince, second husband of Helen of Troy
- Parthamaspates of ParthiaParthamaspates was a Parthian prince who ruled as a Roman client king in Mesopotamia, and
- Parthenon FriezeSculpture from the Parthenon in Athens
- Parthian artArt during the Parthian Empire
- Participle (Ancient Greek)The Ancient Greek participle is a non-finite nominal verb form declined for gender, number
- Parting of the Red SeaPart of the biblical narrative of the Exodus
- Parysatis IIParysatis, the youngest daughter of Artaxerxes III of Persia, married Alexander the Great
- Passion of JesusFinal period in the life of Jesus, before his crucifixion and death
- Pater familiasThe pater familias, also written as paterfamilias (pl.: patres familias), was the head of
- Patrician (ancient Rome)Hereditary nobility of ancient Rome
- PatroclusGreek mythological character
- Patronage in ancient RomeSocial relationship
- Pauline ChristianityChristianity based on Apostle Paul's doctrines
- Pauline epistlesBooks of the New Testament attributed to Paul the Apostle
- Pax GuptaPax Gupta or Pax Guptana (Latin for "Gupta Peace", modelled after Pax Romana) is a histori
- Peace of PhilocratesPeace of Philocrates is the name of the peace treaty concluded in 346 BCE between Athens a
- Pederasty in ancient GreeceSocial institution of ancient Greece
- PedimentElement in classical, neoclassical and baroque architecture
- Pediments of the ParthenonStatues on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece
- PenthesileaAmazonian queen in Greek mythology
- Pepi I MeryreEgyptian pharaoh, third ruler of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt in the late 24th century BC
- Pepi II NeferkareEgyptian pharaoh of the Sixth dynasty for the Old Kingdom
- Pericles's Funeral OrationSpeech during the Peloponnesian War
- Periodisation of Roman civilisationEpistemology of Roman civilisation's history
- PerioeciSpartan free non-citizens
- Perry IndexThe Perry Index is a widely used index of "Aesop's Fables" or "Aesopica", the fables credi
- Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire
- Persecution of pagans under Theodosius IThe persecution of pagans under Theodosius I began in 381, after the first couple of years
- PersephoneGreek goddess of spring and the queen of the underworld
- Persephone PainterThe Persephone Painter, working from about 475 to 425 BCE, is the pseudonym of an ancient
- PerseusAncient Greek hero and founder of Mycenae
- PersisHistorical region in south-western Iran
- Perso-Roman wars of 337–361The Perso-Roman wars of 337–361 were a series of military conflicts fought between the Rom
- Personal relationships of Alexander the GreatRelationships of Alexander the Great
- PersonificationRepresentation of a thing or abstraction as a person
- Peter SalwayPeter Salway, FSA (born 1932) is a British historian, who specialises in Roman Britain. He
- Petrifaction in mythology and fictionPetrifaction, or petrification, defined as turning people into solid stone, is a common th
- PetroniusRoman courtier (27 – 66 AD)
- PeucetiansThe Peucetians were an Iapygian tribe which inhabited western and central Apulia in classi
- Phaistos DiscInscribed clay disc found in Crete, Greece
- Phaistos Disc decipherment claimsMany people have claimed to have deciphered the Phaistos Disc.
- PhallusPenis-like object
- Pharnabazus IIPersian satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia from 413 to 374 BC
- Pharnaces II of PhrygiaPharnaces II (Old Iranian: Farnaka; fl. 430 BCE - 422 BCE) ruled the satrapy of Hellespont
- Pharnacid dynastyThe Pharnacid dynasty was a Persian dynasty that ruled the satrapy of Hellespontine Phrygi
- Pherecydes of Syros6th-century BCE Greek mythographer and proto-philosopher
- Phiale PainterThe Phiale Painter, also known as Boston Phiale Painter, was a painter of the Attic red-fi
- PhiladelphionThe Philadelphion was a public square located in Constantinople.
- Philae temple complex7th or 6th-century BC temple in Egypt
- Philip III of MacedonKing of Macedon from 323 to 317 BC
- PhilippicaeSpeeches by Cicero condemning Mark Antony (44–43 BCE)
- PhiloJewish philosopher (c. 20 BCE – c. 50 CE)
- Phintias (painter)Phintias was an ancient Greek vase painter; along with Euphronios and Euthymides, he was o
- Phobos (mythology)God of fear and panic in Greek mythology
- PhoeniciaAncient Semitic maritime civilization
- Phoenician languageAncient Semitic language of the Mediterranean, specifically present-day Lebanon
- PhorcysAncient Greek god of the sea
- Phosphorus (morning star)Greek and Roman god of the Morning Star
- PhronesisAncient Greek word for a type of wisdom or intelligence
- Phronesis (journal)Phronesis is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the study of ancient philosophy. It
- Pi-RamessesCapital of the ancient Egyptian 19th dynasty
- Piazza del CampidoglioSquare in Rome, Italy
- PilasterIn architecture, a pilaster is both a load-bearing section of thickened wall or column int
- Pilate's courtTrial of Jesus in praetorium before Pontius Pilate
- Pillage of Ein GediThe Pillage of Ein Gedi refers to the Sicarii raid of Ein Gedi during the First Jewish–Rom
- PinakesAncient catalogue of the Library of Alexandria
- PinaxIn the modern study of the culture of ancient Greece and Magna Graecia, a pinax (Greek: πί
- Pindar5th-century BC Greek lyric poet
- Pioneer GroupThe Pioneer Group is a term used by scholars for a number of vase painters working in the
- Pisistratus6th-century BC tyrant of ancient Athens
- PiyeAncient Kushite king and pharaoh
- Plagues of EgyptTen disasters inflicted by God on Egypt in the story of the Exodus
- Plato's theory of soulPhilosophical theory
- Platonic AcademyEducative center founded by Plato
- PlatonismPhilosophical system
- Plautia gensThe gens Plautia, sometimes written Plotia, was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. Members
- Plebeian councilPrincipal assembly of the Roman Republic
- PlebeiansGeneral body of free Roman citizens
- Plebs (spider)Plebs is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by M. M. Joseph & V. W. Framenau in
- Pluto (god)God in Greek mythology
- PneumaConcept in Ancient Greek philosophy
- Poems by Julius CaesarPoems by Julius Caesar are mentioned by several sources in antiquity. None are extant.
- PolisAncient Greek social and political organisation
- Political Committee of National LiberationCommunist government during the Axis occupation of Greece in World War II
- Political institutions of ancient RomeVarious lists regarding the political institutions of ancient Rome are presented. Each ent
- Politics of GreeceGreece is a parliamentary representative democratic republic, where the President of Greec
- Polybus of CorinthPolybus (Ancient Greek: Πόλυβος) is a figure in Greek mythology. He was the king of Corint
- PolyhymniaMuse of sacred poetry in Greek mythology
- Pontifex maximusChief high priest in ancient Rome
- Pontius PilateRoman governor of Judea and condemner of Jesus
- Pontus (mythology)Greek personification of the sea
- Pope AnterusHead of the Catholic Church from 235 to 236
- Pope EleutheriusHead of the Catholic Church from c. 174 to 189
- Porta San SebastianoThe Porta San Sebastiano is the largest and one of the best-preserved gates passing throug
- Portraiture in ancient EgyptArt in Egypt from 3400 BC to 300 AD
- PosthomericaEpic poem by Quintus of Smyrna
- Pottery of ancient GreecePottery, due to its relative durability, comprises a large part of the archaeological reco
- PraefectusPrefect in ancient Rome
- PraesesLatin word
- PraetorMagistrate of the Roman Republic
- Praetorian prefectHigh office in the Roman Empire
- Pre-Columbian eraThe Americas prior to European influence
- Pre-existence of ChristExistence of Christ before his incarnation as Jesus
- Precinct of Amun-ReAncient Egyptian precinct within Karnak Temple Complex
- Préludes (Debussy)Claude Debussy's Préludes are 24 pieces for solo piano, divided into two books of 12 prelu
- Prenomen (Ancient Egypt)Ancient Egyptian regnal name
- PriamMythological king of Troy
- PriapusGreek god of fertility and male genitalia
- PrimogenitureInheritance by the eldest, usually male, child
- Prince of Darkness (Manichaeism)In Manichaean cosmology, the world of darkness, which invaded the world of light in a lust
- Prince RahotepPrince of Ancient Egypt
- PrincepsAncient Roman title
- Princeps senatusFirst member by precedence of the Roman Senate
- Principality of TheodoroFormer country on Crimean Peninsula
- PrincipateFirst period of the Roman Empire (27 BC – AD 284)
- Priscus AttalusPriscus Attalus (Greek: Πρίσκος Άτταλος, died after 416) was twice Roman usurper (in 409–1
- Probus (emperor)Roman emperor from 276 to 282
- ProconsulGovernor of a province in the Roman republic
- PromachusIn Greek mythology and history, Promachus (; Ancient Greek: Πρόμαχος; English translation:
- PromagistrateAncient Roman office
- Promptuarium Iconum Insigniorum1553 book published in Lyon, France
- PronoiaThe pronoia (plural pronoiai; Greek: πρόνοια, meaning "care", "forethought" or "providence
- ProphetIntermediary between humanity and the divine
- Prophets in JudaismProphets according to Biblical and rabbinical tradition
- ProsoponPerson in Christian theology
- ProteusProphetic god of bodies of water in Greek mythology
- Proto-Sinaitic scriptMiddle Bronze Age script
- Protogeometric styleType or style of Ancient Greek ceramic
- PschentAncient Egyptian double crown
- Psiloritis Natural ParkPsiloritis Natural or Nature Park (Greek Φυσικό Πάρκο Ψηλορείτη) is a UNESCO Global geopar
- Psusennes IThird pharaoh of the 21st Dynasty of Egypt
- Psusennes IITitkheperure or Tyetkheperre Psusennes II [Greek Ψουσέννης] or Hor-Pasebakhaenniut II [Egy
- Psychro CaveMinoan sacred cave on Crete
- PtahAncient Egyptian deity
- Ptah-PatekEgyptian deity
- Ptolemaic dynastyMacedonian Greek royal family which ruled Egypt
- Ptolemy II PhiladelphusKing of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, 284–246 BC
- Ptolemy IX Soter2nd/1st century BC king of Ptolemaic Egypt
- Ptolemy V Epiphanes5th Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt, r. 204-180 BC
- Ptolemy VI Philometor6th Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt
- Ptolemy VIII Physcon8th Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt
- Ptolemy X Alexander IPtolemaic King of Egypt, 107–88 BC
- Ptolemy XII AuletesPtolemaic King of Egypt, 80–51 BC
- Publius Aelius Aelianus3rd century Roman general and governor
- Publius Clodius Thrasea Paetus1st century AD Roman senator
- Publius Cluvius Maximus Paullinus2nd century Roman senator, soldier and official
- Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica CorculumRoman consul in 155 BC, pontifex maximus and princeps senatus
- Publius Servilius CascaRoman senator and assassin of Julius Caesar
- PyanopsiaReligious festival in Athens, Greece
- PydnaPydna (; Greek: Πύδνα, Pýdna) is a small town and a former municipality in the northeaster
- PyladesIn Greek mythology, Pylades (; Ancient Greek: Πυλάδης) was a Phocian prince as the son of
- PylaeusIn Greek mythology, Pylaeus (Ancient Greek: Πύλαιος), son of Lethus, son of Teutamides, de
- Pyramid G1-dPyramid G1-d (also known as 'G1d', 'GI-d', 'GId' or 'G Id') is a satellite pyramid within
- Pyramid of Amenemhat IThe pyramid of Amenemhat I is an Egyptian burial structure built at Lisht by the founder o
- Pyramid of DjoserArcheological site in Egypt
- Pyramid of KhafreSmooth-sided pyramid in Giza, Egypt
- Pyramid of MenkaureSmallest main pyramid of Giza in Egypt
- Pyramid of NeferefreUnfinished pyramid
- Pyramid of NyuserrePyramid complex of the last pharaoh to be buried at Abusir
- Pyramid of Pepi IThe pyramid of Pepi I (in ancient Egyptian Men-nefer-Pepi meaning Pepi's splendour is endu
- Pyramid of SahureFifth Dynasty Egyptian pyramid complex
- Pyramid of UnasFifth Dynasty Egyptian pyramid complex
- Pyramid of UserkafEgyptian pyramid
- Pyramid TextsOldest known ancient Egyptian funerary texts
- PyramidionCapstone of an ancient Egyptian pyramid or obelisk
- Pyramidion of Amenemhat IIIThe pyramidion of Amenemhat III is the capstone that once crowned the Black Pyramid at Das
- PyramidologyVarious pseudoscientific speculations regarding pyramids
- PyreForm of cremation
- PythiaPriestess of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, Greece
- Pythian GamesOne of the Panhellenic Games of Ancient Greece