#

• 1876 Swiss referendumsTwo referendums were held in Switzerland in 1876. The first was held on 23 April on the su
• 1879 Swiss referendumsTwo referendums were held in Switzerland in January and May 1879. A federal law on subsidi
• 1882 Swiss referendumsThree referendums were held in Switzerland in 1882. Two were held on 30 July on copyright
• 1887 Swiss referendumsTwo referendums were held in Switzerland in 1887. The first was held on 15 May, asking vot
• 1891 Swiss referendumsFive referendums were held in Switzerland in 1891. The first was held on 15 March on a fed
• 1894 Swiss referendumsThree referendums were held in Switzerland during 1894. The first was held on 4 March on a
• 1895 Swiss referendumsThree referendums were held in Switzerland during 1895. The first was held on 3 February o
• 1897 Swiss referendumsThree referendums were held in Switzerland during 1897. The first was held on 28 February
• 1898 Swiss referendumsThree referendums were held in Switzerland during 1898. The first was held on 20 February
• 1900 Swiss referendumsThree referendums were held in Switzerland during 1900. The first was held on 20 May on a
• 1903 Swiss referendumsFour referendums were held in Switzerland during 1903. The first was held on 15 March on a
• 1908 Swiss referendumsThree referendums were held in Switzerland during 1908. The first two were held on 5 July
• 1918 Swiss referendumsTwo referendums were held in Switzerland during 1918. The first was held on 2 June on intr
• 1919 Swiss referendumsThree referendums were held in Switzerland during 1919. The first two were held on 4 May o
• 1920 Swiss referendumsFive referendums were held in Switzerland during 1920. The first three were held on 21 Mar
• 1921 Swiss referendumsFour referendums were held in Switzerland during 1921. The first two were held on 30 Janua
• 1922 Swiss referendumsFive referendums were held in Switzerland during 1922. The first three were held on 11 Jun
• 1923 Swiss referendumsFour referendums were held in Switzerland during 1923. The first two were held on 18 Febru
• 1925 Swiss referendumsThree referendums were held in Switzerland during 1925. The first was held on 24 May on a
• 1928 Swiss referendumsTwo referendums were held in Switzerland during 1928. The first was held on 20 May, asking
• 1929 Swiss referendumsFive referendums were held in Switzerland during 1929. The first three were held on 3 Marc
• 1931 Swiss referendumsFive referendums were held in Switzerland during 1931. The first was held on 8 February on
• 1935 Swiss referendumsFour referendums were held in Switzerland during 1935. The first was held on 24 February o
• 1938 Swiss referendumsSix referendums were held in Switzerland during 1938. The first four were held on 20 Febru
• 1939 Swiss referendumsFour referendums were held in Switzerland during 1939. The first two were held on 22 Janua
• 1946 Swiss referendumsTwo referendums were held in Switzerland during 1946. The first was held on 10 February on
• 1947 Swiss referendumsThree referendums were held in Switzerland during 1947. The first was held on 18 May on a
• 1949 Swiss referendumsFour referendums were held in Switzerland during 1949. The first two were held on 22 May o
• 1950 Swiss referendumsFive referendums were held in Switzerland during 1950. The first was held on 29 January on
• 1951 Swiss referendumsFour referendums were held in Switzerland during 1951. The first was held on 25 February o
• 1952 Swiss referendumsNine referendums were held in Switzerland during 1952. The first was held on 2 March on a
• 1953 Swiss referendumsThree referendums were held in Switzerland during 1953. The first was held on 19 April on
• 1954 Swiss referendumsFour referendums were held in Switzerland during 1954. The first two were held on 20 June
• 1956 Swiss referendumsFive referendums were held in Switzerland during 1956. The first was held on 4 March on a
• 1957 Swiss referendumsFour referendums were held in Switzerland during 1957. The first two were held on 3 March
• 1958 Swiss referendumsSeven referendums were held in Switzerland during 1958. The first was held on 26 January o
• 1960 Swiss referendumsTwo referendums were held in Switzerland in 1960. The first was held on 29 May on continui
• 1961 Swiss referendumsFour referendums were held in Switzerland in 1961. The first two were held on 5 March on a
• 1962 Swiss referendumsFour referendums were held in Switzerland in 1962. The first was held on 1 April on a popu
• 1963 Swiss referendumsThree referendums were held in Switzerland in 1963. The first was held on 26 May on a popu
• 1964 Swiss referendumsThree referendums were held in Switzerland in 1964. The first was held on 2 February on gr
• 1965 Swiss referendumsThree referendums were held in Switzerland during 1965. The first two were held on 28 Febr
• 1968 Swiss referendumsTwo referendums were held in Switzerland in 1968. The first was held on 18 February on a g
• 1969 Swiss referendumsTwo referendums were held in Switzerland in 1969. The first was held on 1 June on a federa
• 1970 Swiss referendumsFive referendums were held in Switzerland in 1970. The first was held on 1 February on a f
• 1971 Swiss referendumsThree referendums were held in Switzerland in 1971. The first was held on 7 February on in
• 1973 Swiss referendumsEight referendums were held in Switzerland in 1973. The first two were held on 4 March on
• 1974 Swiss referendumsFour referendums were held in Switzerland in 1974. The first was held on 20 October on a p
• 1975 Swiss referendumsNine referendums were held in Switzerland in 1975. The first was held on 2 March on an ame
• 1976 Swiss referendumsTen referendums were held in Switzerland in 1976. The first two were held on 21 March on p
• 1977 Swiss referendumsFourteen referendums were held in Switzerland in 1977. The first three were held on 13 Mar
• 1978 Swiss referendumsFourteen referendums were held in Switzerland in 1978. The first four were held on 26 Febr
• 1979 Swiss referendumsSix referendums were held in Switzerland in 1979. The first four were held on 18 February
• 1980 Swiss referendumsSix referendums were held in Switzerland in 1980. The first two were held on 2 March on a
• 1981 Swiss referendumsFour referendums were held in Switzerland in 1981. The first was held on 5 April on a popu
• 1983 Swiss referendumsFour referendums were held in Switzerland in 1983. The first two were held on changes to f
• 1984 Swiss referendumsTen referendums were held in Switzerland in 1984. The first three were held on 26 February
• 1985 Swiss referendumsTwelve referendums were held in Switzerland in 1985. The first four were held on 10 March
• 1986 Swiss referendumsSix referendums were held in Switzerland in 1986. The first was held on 16 March on joinin
• 1987 Swiss referendumsSeven referendums were held in Switzerland in 1987. The first four were held on 5 April on
• 1988 Swiss referendumsFive referendums were held in Switzerland in 1988. The first two were held on 12 June on a
• 1989 Swiss referendumsThree referendums were held in Switzerland in 1989. The first was held on 4 June on a popu
• 1991 Swiss referendumsFour referendums were held in Switzerland in 1991. The first two were held on 3 March on l
• 1992 Swiss referendumsFifteen referendums were held in Switzerland during 1992. The first two were held on 16 Fe
• 1994 Swiss referendumsThirteen referendums were held in Switzerland during 1994. The first five were held on 20
• 1995 Swiss referendumsSeven referendums were held in Switzerland during 1995. The first four were held on 12 Mar
• 1996 Swiss referendumsNine referendums were held in Switzerland during 1996. The first five were held on 10 Marc
• 1997 Swiss referendumsFive referendums were held in Switzerland during 1997. The first three were held on 8 June
• 1998 Swiss referendumsTen referendums were held in Switzerland during 1998. The first three were held on 7 June
• 1999 Swiss referendumsTen referendums were held in Switzerland during 1999. The first four were held on 7 Februa
• 2000 Swiss referendumsFifteen referendums were held in Switzerland during 2000. The first five were held on 12 M
• 2002 Swiss referendumsEight referendums were held in Switzerland during 2002. The first two were held on 3 March
• 2003 Swiss referendumsEleven referendums were held in Switzerland during 2003. The first two were held on 9 Febr
• 2004 Swiss referendumsThirteen referendums were held in Switzerland during 2004. The first three were held on 8
• 2006 Swiss referendumsSix referendums were held in Switzerland during 2006. The first was held on 21 May on revi
• 2007 Swiss referendumsTwo referendums were held in Switzerland in 2007. The first was held on 11 March on an ame
• 2009 Swiss referendumsEight referendums were held in Switzerland during 2009. The first was held on 8 February o
• 2010 Swiss referendumsSix referendums were held in Switzerland during 2010; three in March on pension funds, ani
• 2011 Swiss gun control initiativeA referendum was held in Switzerland on 13 February 2011 on the federal popular initiative
• 2012 Swiss referendumsTwelve national referendums were held in Switzerland during 2012. On 11 March, voters acro
• 2013 Swiss referendumsEleven national referendums were held in Switzerland during 2013. Voters approved six prop
• 2014 Swiss referendumsTwelve national referendums were held in Switzerland during 2014.
• 2015 Swiss referendumsSix national referendums were held in Switzerland during 2015, the first of which were hel
• 2019 Swiss referendumsSeveral federal referendums were held in Switzerland in 2019, with votes taking place on 1
• 2022 Swiss referendumsFederal referendums were held in Switzerland on 13 February, 15 May and 25 September 2022.

A

• Absolute monarchyGovernment where the monarch has absolute power
• AnarchismPolitical philosophy and movement
• Authoritarian nationalismNationalist ideology centered on centralized authority
• AuthoritarianismPolitical system
• AutocracyForm of government

B

• Banal nationalismEveryday representations of a nation that build a sense of shared national belonging
• Blind nationalismBlind nationalism is extreme nationalism such as Nazism, Fascism and chauvinism. It is pri
• Bourgeois nationalismNationalism of the ruling class under capitalism
• Burgher (social class)Title for privileged citizens in medieval European towns

C

• CandidateProspective recipient of an award or position
• CapitalismEconomic system based on private ownership
• Chapter VII of the United Nations CharterUnited Nations governing document
• Chinese Communist PartyGoverning party of the People's Republic of China
• Christian democracyChristian socioeconomic model
• CitizenshipLegal membership in a country
• City-stateSovereign state consisting primarily of a city and its territory
• CivicsStudy of the rights and obligations of citizenry and government
• Civil libertiesCivil rights and freedoms that provide individual specific rights
• Civil serviceGovernment workers that are employed rather than elected or appointed
• Clerk (legislature)Senior administrative officer in a legislature
• ClientelismExchange of goods and services for political support
• ColonialismControl by distant groups
• Common Commercial Policy (EU)The European Union's (EU) Common Commercial Policy, or EU Trade Policy, is the policy wher
• CommunismPolitical and socioeconomic ideology
• Compulsory votingPractice of requiring all eligible citizens to register and vote in elections
• ConfederationUnion of sovereign states linked by treaty
• CongressFormal meeting of representatives
• ConservatismPolitical philosophy based on tradition
• Constitutional monarchyForm of government
• Constitutional patriotismConcept of citizenship
• Coup d'étatDeposition of a government
• Cult of personalityIdolization of a leader
• Cultural amalgamationProcess of mixing cultures
• Cultural nationalismHow nationalism manifests culturally

D

• DecentralizationOrganizational theory
• Demand managementDemand management is a planning methodology used to forecast, plan for and manage the dema
• DemocracyGovernment system where political power lies with the people
• DeputyPerson authorized to act on behalf of a higher-ranking individual
• Diaspora nationalismDiaspora nationalism is a form of ethnic nationalism formed by groups of migrants who leav
• Diaspora politicsPolitical behavior of transnational ethnic diasporas
• DictatorshipAutocratic form of government
• DiplomacyPractice of conducting negotiations between representatives of groups or states
• Diplomatic missionRepresentatives of one state in another
• Discrimination based on nationalityType of discrimination

E

• Economic policyActions that governments take in the economic field
• ElectionProcess by which a population chooses the holder of a public office
• EmpireMultiple states under one central authority, usually created by conquest
• Empire (disambiguation)An empire is a group of states or peoples under centralized rule.
• English CanadaEnglish-speaking population of Canada
• European UnionSupranational political and economic union
• European Union and the G7The European Union (EU) is a member of the G7 (the G8, until Russia was uninvited in 2014)
• European Union citizenshipThe European Union citizenship is a legal status afforded to all nationals of member state
• Executive (government)Branch overseeing administration of the state
• Expansionist nationalismNationalism that incorporates expansionism

F

• FascismFar-right authoritarian political ideology
• FederalismPolitical concept
• FederationPolitical union of partially self-governing territories under a national government
• Five-year plans of ChinaSeries of development initiatives by the CCP
• For the Freedom of Nations!Russian-led international inter-party forum

G

• GastronationalismSociopolitical issue
• General Secretary of the Communist PartyLeader of a communist party; de facto leader of one-party communist states
• GovernmentSystem or group governing an organized community
• Green politicsPolitical ideology focused on establishing an ecologically sustainable society
• Group decision-makingSubset of decision science

H

• Head of governmentChief officer of the executive branch of a government
• Head of statePublic persona of a sovereign state
• Hibernia (personification)Hibernia is a national personification of Ireland. She appeared in numerous cartoons and d

I

• IdeologySet of beliefs or values
• ImperialismExtension of rule over foreign nations
• International Affairs (journal)International Affairs is a peer-reviewed academic journal of international relations. Sinc
• International parliamentBranch of an intergovernmental organization tasked with legislative powers
• International Red Cross and Red Crescent MovementInternational humanitarian movement
• International relationsStudy of relationships between states
• IslamismPolitico-religious ideology

J

• JingoismNationalism in the form of aggressive foreign policy

K

• Khalilur RahmanBangladeshi diplomat and President of the UN General Assembly
• Korean ethnic nationalismKorean ethnic nationalism (Korean: 한국의 민족주의; Hanja: 韓國의 民族主義), minjok nationalism, or Kore

L

• Legal nameName that identifies a person for legal, administrative and other official purposes
• LegislatureDeliberative assembly that makes laws
• LiberalismPhilosophy of individual rights and liberty
• LibertarianismPolitical philosophy based on liberty

M

• Maoist insurgency in TurkeyOngoing low-level insurgency in eastern Turkey
• MarxismPolitical philosophy
• Marxism–LeninismForm of communism
• MilitaryOrganized force intended for warfare
• MonarchyForm of government ruled by a monarch, or a polity with this form of government
• MulticulturalismExistence of multiple, distinct cultures within a single country
• Municipalities of the canton of BernThere are 335 municipalities in the canton of Bern, Switzerland (as of January 2024).
• Municipalities of the canton of JuraThe following are the 50 municipalities of the canton of Jura, as of 2024.
• Municipalities of the canton of SolothurnThese are the 106 municipalities of the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland (as of January 20
• Municipalities of the canton of St. GallenThe following are the 75 municipalities of the canton of St. Gallen, (as of January 2023).
• Municipalities of the canton of ThurgauThe following are the 80 municipalities of the canton of Thurgau, as of 2009.
• Municipalities of the canton of TicinoThere are 106 municipalities in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland, (as of April 2022). Mun
• Municipalities of the canton of VaudThere are 300 municipalities in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, (as of January 2022). Vau
• Musical nationalismUse of musical ideas that are identified with a specific country

N

• NationCommunity based on common ethnic, cultural or political identity
• National churchChristian church associated with a specific ethnic group or nation state
• National coat of armsCoat of arms of a sovereign state
• National coloursColours that represent a nation
• National Council (Switzerland)House of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland
• National dayDesignated date on which celebrations mark the nationhood of a nation
• National Democracy (Philippines)Political movement in the Philippines
• National dishCulinary dish strongly associated with a particular country
• National emblemSeal reserved for use by a nation state or multi-national state
• National epicLiterary work that is central to a nation's identity
• National indifferenceNational indifference is the status of lacking a strong and consistent national identity.
• National Multicultural FestivalCommunity festival in Canberra
• National personificationFictional character representing a country
• National securitySecurity and defence of a nation state
• National treasurePart of the language of romantic nationalism
• NationalismIdeology promoting the nation-state
• Nationalism and genderScholarship on nationalism and gender explores the processes by which gender affects and i
• Nationalism in antiquityThe existence of nationalism in antiquity is a minority opinion amongst scholars of nation
• Nationalism in the Middle AgesArea of study in European history
• NazismGerman fascist ideology
• Nepal Communist PartyDefunct communist party in Nepal

O

• OligarchyForm of government with small ruling class
• Opinion pollHuman research survey of public opinion
• Order of precedence in ChinaRelative preeminence of officials for ceremonial purposes
• Order of precedence in JohorThe Johor order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions w
• Order of precedence in KelantanThe Kelantan order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important position
• Order of precedence in Negeri SembilanThe Negeri Sembilan order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important p
• Order of precedence in Newfoundland and LabradorThe Newfoundland and Labrador order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of i
• Order of precedence in OntarioThe Ontario order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy used for ceremonial oc
• Order of precedence in PerakThe Perak order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions w
• Order of precedence in PerlisThe Perlis order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions
• Order of precedence in SabahThe Sabah order of precedence is a hierarchy of important positions within the state of Sa
• Order of precedence in SarawakThe Sarawak order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions

P

• ParliamentLegislative body of government
• PatriotismLove and attachment to one's country
• PeoplePlurality of persons considered as a whole
• People's Multiparty DemocracyPeople's Multiparty Democracy (जनताको बहुदलिय जनबाद, abbreviated जबज) refers to the ideolo
• Peripheral nationalismPeripheral nationalism refers to the nationalist sentiments of some regions or territorial
• Piotr GembickiPiotr Gembicki (10 October, 1585 – 14 July, 1657), Deputy Crown Chancellor and Bishop of P
• Political campaignAttempt to influence the decision-making process within a specific group
• Political partyOrganization coordinating policy priorities and candidates for government positions
• Political scienceScientific study of politics and social science
• Political spectrumVisual analogy for political or ideological positions
• PoliticsActivities associated with group decisions
• Polling stationPlace where voters cast their ballots in elections
• PolyculturalismIdeological approach
• PopulismPolitical ideology emphasising the "common people"
• Profit motiveMotivation for businesses to maximize profits
• Public administrationAcademic discipline; implementation or management of policy
• Public policyGovernment proposals, principles and actions

Q

• QuorumMinimum number of members of a deliberative assembly necessary to conduct business

R

• Racial nationalismIdeology that advocates a racial definition of national identity
• ReferendumDirect vote on a specific proposal
• RegimeForm of government
• Religion in the European UnionReligion in the European Union is diverse. The largest religion in the EU is Christianity,
• RepublicForm of government
• Resource nationalismAsserting control over local resources
• RevanchismWill to recapture a lost territory
• RevolutionRapid and fundamental political change
• RiotViolent public disturbance
• Robin Wright (author)Robin B. Wright (born August 22, 1948), is an American foreign affairs analyst, author and
• Romantic nationalismType of nationalism

S

• Secret ballotAnonymous voting method
• Secretariat of the European ParliamentAdministrative body of the European Parliament
• Self-coupElected leader illegally maintaining or increasing power
• SenateUpper house of a bicameral legislature
• Separation of powersDivision of a state's government into branches
• Serve the PeopleChinese Communist Party political slogan
• Sexual and gender minoritiesIndividuals with a minority sexual orientation or gender identity
• Social democracyCentre-left political ideology
• SocialismPolitical philosophy emphasising social ownership of production
• Sovereign stateState having the highest authority over a territory
• SovereigntySupreme authority within a territory
• SpectaclePlanned event that creates a memorable appearance
• State (polity)Type of political organization
• SynodCouncil of a church, convened to resolve issues of doctrine or administration

T

• Table of precedence in South AfricaThe South African table of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important pos
• Techno-nationalismWay of understanding how technology affects the society and culture of a nation
• Territorial nationalismTerritorial nationalism describes a form of nationalism based on the belief that all inhab
• The EstatesAssemblies of representatives of feudal society
• TheocracyForm of government with religious leaders
• TotalitarianismExtreme form of authoritarianism and a theoretical concept
• TransnationalismResults of heightened international connectivity
• Types of nationalismAmong scholars of nationalism, a number of types of nationalism have been presented. Natio

U

• Unitary stateState with a supreme central government
• United NationsGlobal intergovernmental organization
• United Nations Disengagement Observer ForcePeacekeeping mission overseeing Israeli–Syrian ceasefire
• United Nations Office at GenevaOne of four major United Nations offices

V

• Victory columnMonument in the form of a column
• Voter suppressionStrategy designed to restrict specific groups of people from voting
• VotingMethod to make collective decisions

W

• Welfare stateForm of government