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1470s

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1470

January–December

Date unknown

  • The Pahang Sultanate is established at Pahang Darul Makmur (in modern-day Malaysia).
  • The first contact occurs between Europeans and the Fante nation of the Gold Coast, when a party of Portuguese land and meet with the King of Elmina.
  • Johann Heynlin introduces the printing press into France and prints his first book this same year.
  • In Tonga, in or around 1470, the Tuʻi Tonga Dynasty cedes its temporal powers to the Tuʻi Haʻatakalaua Dynasty, which will remain prominent until about 1600.
  • Between this year and 1700, 8,888 witches are tried in the Swiss Confederation; 5,417 of them are executed.
  • Sir George Ripley dedicates his book, The Compound of Alchemy, to the King Edward IV of England.

1471

January–December

  • January – Portuguese navigators João de Santarém and Pedro Escobar reach the gold-trading centre of Elmina on the Gold Coast of west Africa. and explore Cape St. Catherine, two degrees south of the equator, so that they begin to be guided by the Southern Cross constellation. They also visit Sassandra on the Ivory Coast.
  • March 1 – Emperor Lê Thánh Tông captures the Champa capital, establishing new regions in middle Vietnam.
  • March – The Yorkist King Edward IV returns to England to reclaim his throne.
  • April 14 – Battle of Barnet: Edward defeats the Lancastrian army under Warwick, who is killed.
  • May 4 – Battle of Tewkesbury: King Edward defeats a Lancastrian army under Queen Margaret and her son, Edward of Westminster the Prince of Wales, who is killed.
  • May 21 – King Edward IV celebrates his victories with a triumphal parade on his return to London. The captured Queen Margaret is paraded through the streets. The same day Henry VI of England is murdered in the Tower of London, eliminating all Lancastrian opposition to the House of York.
  • July 14 – Battle of Shelon: The forces of Muscovy defeat the Republic of Novgorod.
  • August 9 – Pope Sixtus IV succeeds Pope Paul II, to become the 212th pope.
  • August 24 – King Afonso V of Portugal conquers the Moroccan town of Arzila.
  • August 29 – The Portuguese occupy Tangier, after its population flees the city.
  • October 10 – Battle of Brunkeberg in Stockholm, Sweden: The forces of Regent of Sweden Sten Sture the Elder, with the help of farmers and miners, repel an attack by Christian I, King of Denmark.
  • December 21 – The islands of São Tomé and Príncipe are discovered by Portuguese navigators João de Santarém and Pedro Escobar.

Date unknown

  • Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui of the Inca Empire dies, and is succeeded by his son Topa Inca Yupanqui.
  • Moorish exiles from Spain, led by Moulay Ali Ben Moussa Ben Rached El Alami, found the city of Chefchaouen in the north of Morocco.
  • Marsilio Ficino's translation of the Corpus Hermeticum into Latin, De potestate et sapientia Dei, is published.

1472

January–December

  • February 20 – Orkney and Shetland are returned by Norway to Scotland, as a result of a defaulted dowry payment.
  • March 4 – A mount of piety is established in Siena (Italy), origin of Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, the world's oldest surviving retail bank.
  • April 11 – The first printed edition of Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy is published in Foligno.
  • June
  • July 3 – The Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Saint Peter in York, England, commonly known as York Minster, is declared complete and consecrated.
  • December 31 – The city council of Amsterdam prohibits snowball fights: "Neymant en moet met sneecluyten werpen nocht maecht noch wijf noch manspersoon." ("No one shall throw with snowballs, neither men nor (unmarried) women.")

Undated

  • The Kingdom of Fez is founded by the Wattasid dynasty with Sultan Abu Abd Allah al-Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya as its first ruler.
  • An extensive slave trade begins in modern Cameroon as the Portuguese sail up the Wouri River.
  • Fernão do Po claims the central-African islands Bioko and Annobón for Portugal.
  • Possible discovery of the island of "Bacalao" (perhaps Newfoundland off North America) by João Vaz Corte-Real.
  • First printing of Thomas à Kempis' The Imitation of Christ (De Imitatione Christi) probably concludes posthumously in Augsburg; it will reach 100 editions and translations by the end of the century.
  • Johannes de Sacrobosco's De sphaera mundi (written c. 1230) is first published in Ferrara, the first printed astronomical book.
  • Pietro d'Abano's medical texts Conciliator differentiarum quae inter philosophos et medicos versantur and De venenis eorumque remediis (written before 1315) are first published.

1473

January–December

Date unknown

  • Stephen the Great of Moldavia refuses to pay tribute to the Ottomans. This will attract an Ottoman invasion in 1475, resulting in the greatest defeat of the Ottomans so far.
  • Axayacatl, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan, invades the territory of the neighboring Aztec city of Tlatelolco. The ruler of Tlatelolco is killed and replaced by a military governor; Tlatelolco loses its independence.
  • Possible discovery of the island of "Bacalao" (possibly Newfoundland off North America) by Didrik Pining and João Vaz Corte-Real.
  • The city walls and defensive moat are built in Celje, Slovenia.
  • Almanach cracoviense ad annum 1474, an astronomical wall calendar, is published in Kraków, the oldest known printing in Poland.
  • Florentine physician Marsilio Ficino becomes a Catholic priest.
  • Possible date – Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye is the first book to be printed in English, by William Caxton, in Bruges.

1474

January–December

  • February – The Treaty of Utrecht puts an end to the Anglo-Hanseatic War.
  • March 19 – The Senate of the Republic of Venice enacts the Venetian Patent Statute, one of the earliest patent systems in the world. New and inventive devices, once put into practice, have to be communicated to the Republic to obtain the right to prevent others from using them. This is considered the first modern patent system.
  • July 25 – By signing the Treaty of London, Charles the Bold of Burgundy agrees to support Edward IV of England's planned invasion of France.
  • December 12 – Upon the death of Henry IV of Castile, a civil war ensues between his designated successor Isabella I of Castile, and her niece Juana, who is supported by her husband, Afonso V of Portugal. Isabella wins the civil war after a lengthy struggle, when her husband, the newly crowned Ferdinand II of Aragon, comes to her aid.

Date unknown

1475

January–December

Date unknown

  • Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye is the first book to be printed in English, by William Caxton in Bruges (or 1473–74?).
  • Rashi's commentary on the Torah is the first dated book to be printed in Hebrew, in Reggio di Calabria.
  • Conrad of Megenberg's book, Buch der Natur, is published in Augsburg.
  • In Wallachia, Radu cel Frumos loses the throne (for the last time), and is again replaced by Basarab Laiotă.

1476

January–December

Date unknown

  • Leonardo da Vinci is acquitted on charges of sodomy, after which he disappears from the historical record for two years.
  • Axayacatl, sixth Tlatoani of Tenochtitlán, is defeated by the Tarascans of Michoacán.
  • Goyghor Mosque is built by Musa ibn Haji Amir and his son, Majlis Alam.

1477

January–December

  • January 5 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold of Burgundy is again defeated, and this time is killed; this marks the end of the Burgundian Wars.
  • February? – Volcano Bardarbunga erupts, with a VEI of 6.
  • February 11 – Mary of Burgundy, the daughter of Charles the Bold, is forced by her disgruntled subjects to sign the Great Privilege, by which the Flemish cities recover all the local and communal rights which have been abolished by the decrees of the dukes of Burgundy, in their efforts to create in the Low Countries a centralized state.
  • February 27 – Uppsala University is founded, becoming the first university in Sweden and all of Scandinavia.
  • August 19 – Mary of Burgundy marries Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, in Ghent, bringing her Flemish and Burgundian lands into the Holy Roman Empire, and detaching them from France.
  • November 18 – William Caxton produces Earl Rivers' translation into English of Dictes or Sayengis of the Philosophres, at his press in Westminster, the first full-length book printed in England on a printing press.

Undated

1478

January–December

Date unknown

  • Grand Duchy of Moscow devolved from the Golden Horde.
  • Lorenzo de' Medici becomes sole ruler of Florence.
  • The Demak Sultanate gains independence from Majapahit, after a civil war.
  • The Fourth Siege of Krujë, Albania by the Ottoman Empire, concludes and results in the town's capture, after the failure of three prior sieges.
  • Vladislav II of Bohemia makes peace with Hungary.
  • Possibly the first reference to cricket, in "criquet", as discovered in France by Rowland Bowen in the 20th century. It has been dismissed by some (most notably John Major) and presaged with Edward II's "Creag" (1300) by others.
  • Mondino de Liuzzi's Anathomia corporis humani, the first complete published anatomical text, is first printed (in Padua).

1479

January–December

Ongoing

  • The plague breaks out in Florence.
  • Johann Neumeister prints a new edition of Juan de Torquemada's Meditations, or the Contemplations of the Most Devout.

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