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- P wave (electrocardiography)Electrocardiogram waveform representing atrial contraction
- P-type ATPaseThe P-type ATPases, also known as E1-E2 ATPases, are a large group of evolutionarily relat
- P1PK blood group systemHuman blood group system
- P300 (neuroscience)Event-related potential
- P50 (neuroscience)Mid-latency auditory event-related potential
- Pacemaker currentElectric current in the heart
- Pacemaker failureMalfunction of an artificial pacemaker
- Pacemaker potentialElectrical potential difference in the heart
- Pacemaker syndromeMedical condition
- Packed red blood cellsRed blood cells separated for blood transfusion
- Pain empathyRecognition and understanding of another person's pain
- Pain in amphibiansPain is an aversive sensation and feeling associated with actual, or potential, tissue dam
- Pain in crustaceansThere is a scientific debate which questions whether crustaceans experience pain. It is a
- Pain in fishFish fulfill several criteria proposed as indicating that non-human animals experience pai
- Pain toleranceLevel of pain a person is able to tolerate
- Paint thinnerSolvent used to dissolve paint
- Palatine aponeurosisThe palatine aponeurosis a thin, firm, fibrous lamella which gives strength and support to
- Palatine boneIn anatomy, the palatine bones (; derived from the Latin palatum) are two irregular bones
- PaleocortexRegion within the telencephalon in the vertebrate brain
- Palisade (pathology)In histopathology, a palisade is a single layer of relatively long cells, arranged loosely
- Pallor mortisPallor mortis (from Latin pallor 'paleness' and mortis 'of death') is the first stage of d
- Palmar grasp reflexPrimitive and involuntary reflex
- Palmar interossei musclesIn human anatomy, the palmar or volar interossei (interossei volares in older literature)
- Palmar plateIn the human hand, palmar or volar plates (also referred to as palmar or volar ligaments)
- PalpitationsPerceived cardiac abnormality in which one's heartbeat can be felt
- Pampiniform plexusThe pampiniform plexus (from Latin pampinus 'tendril' and forma 'form') is a venous plexus
- Pancreatic ductDuct associated with the human pancreas
- Pancreatic isletsRegions of the pancreas
- Paneth cellAnti-microbial epithelial cell of the small intestine
- Papillary muscleHeart ventricle muscles
- Para-DimethylaminobenzaldehydeChemical compound
- Parafacial zoneThe parafacial zone (PZ) is a brain structure located in the brainstem within the medulla
- Parafollicular cellNeuroendocrine cells in the thyroid
- ParafoveaParafovea or the parafoveal belt is a region in the retina that circumscribes the fovea an
- Paralimbic cortexArea of three-layered cortex
- Parallel processing (psychology)Brain processing function
- Paramyotonia congenitaParamyotonia congenita (PC) is a rare congenital autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorder
- Parasol cellA parasol cell, sometimes called an M cell or M ganglion cell, is one type of retinal gang
- ParasubiculumIn the rodent, the parasubiculum is a retrohippocampal isocortical structure, and a major
- Paraventricular nucleusHypothalamic nucleus
- Paraxial mesodermAnatomical structure
- Parietal boneBone in the human skull
- Parieto-occipital sulcusFold which separates the parietal and occipital lobes of the brain
- Parotid fasciaThe parotid fascia (or parotid capsule) is a tough fascia enclosing the parotid gland. It
- Parotid glandMajor salivary gland in many animals
- Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardiaEpisodes of abnormally fast heart rhythm
- Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivitySyndrome that causes episodes of increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
- Pars compactaDopamine-releasing portion of the substantia nigra
- Pars reticulataGABA-releasing portion of the substantia nigra
- Partial agonistIn pharmacology, partial agonists are drugs that bind to and activate a given receptor, bu
- Parvocellular neurosecretory cellNeurons that produce hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones
- Patch clampLaboratory technique in electrophysiology
- Patellar reflexMonosynaptic reflex
- Patient blood managementSet of medical practices
- PCO2Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, often used in reference to blood
- Peduncular hallucinosisNeurological disorder
- Pelvic cavityBody cavity bounded by the pelvic bones
- PendelluftPendelluft (Derived from the German words for pendulum and air.) refers to the movement of
- Pennate muscleA pennate or pinnate muscle (also called a penniform muscle) is a type of skeletal muscle
- PentosuriaMedical condition
- Peptide hormoneHormone whose molecules are peptides
- Perceived Stress ScaleMedical diagnostic method
- Perforating arteriesThe perforating arteries are branches of the deep artery of the thigh, usually three in nu
- Perfusion scanningPerfusion is the passage of fluid through the lymphatic system or blood vessels to an orga
- Periaqueductal grayNucleus surrounding the cerebral aqueduct
- Pericardial effusionAbnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity of the heart
- PerifoveaPerifovea is a region in the retina that circumscribes the parafovea and fovea and is a pa
- PerilymphPerilymph is an extracellular fluid located within the inner ear. It is found within the s
- Perineal rapheThe perineal raphe is a visible line or ridge of tissue on the body that extends from the
- PerineumRegion of the body between the genitals and anus
- PerineuriumSheath around nerve fasciculi
- Perineuronal netStructure present in neurons
- PeriosteumMembrane covering outer surface of bones
- Peripheral blood mononuclear cellBlood in circulatory system with round nucleus
- Peripheral stem cell transplantationMethod of replacing blood-forming stem cells
- Peripheral T-cell lymphomaPeripheral T-cell lymphoma refers to a group of T-cell lymphomas that develop away from th
- Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specifiedMedical condition
- Perisinusoidal spaceThe perisinusoidal space (or space of Disse) is a space between a hepatocyte, and a sinuso
- PeristalsisRadially symmetrical contraction and relaxation of muscles
- Periventricular nucleusThe periventricular nucleus is a thin sheet of small neurons located in the wall of the th
- Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardiaPermanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia (PJRT) is a rare cardiac arrhythmia. It is
- Pes anserinus (leg)Pes anserinus ("goose foot") refers to the conjoined tendons of three muscles of the thigh
- Peto's paradoxObservation concerning cancer rates
- Petrous part of the temporal boneThe petrous part of the temporal bone is pyramid-shaped and is wedged in at the base of th
- PfamDatabase of protein families
- PGO wavesWaves propagating between brain regions
- PhagocyteCells that ingest harmful matter within the body
- PhagocytosisCell membrane engulfing a large particle
- PhagosomeVesicle formed around a particle engulfed by a phagocyte via phagocytosis
- Phantom limbSensation that an amputated or missing limb is attached
- Pharmacology of ethanolPharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ethanol
- Pharyngeal archEmbryonic precursor structures in vertebrates
- Pharyngeal plexusNerve fibers innervating most of the palate and pharynx
- Pharyngeal rapheThe pharyngeal raphe is a raphe that serves as the posterior attachment for several of the
- Pharyngeal reflexReflex at the back of the throat
- Phase precessionNeural mechanism
- PhonationProcess of creating phonetic sounds
- PhonomyographyMedical diagnostic method
- PhosphataseEnzyme which catalyzes the removal of a phosphate group from a molecule
- Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphatePhosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate or PtdIns(4,5)P2, also known simply as PIP2 or PI(4,
- PhosphoketolaseThe enzyme phosphoketolase(EC 4.1.2.9) catalyzes the chemical reactions
- PhosphotransferaseIn molecular biology, phosphotransferases are proteins in the transferase family of enzyme
- Photoactivatable fluorescent proteinPhotoactivatable fluorescent proteins (PAFPs) is a type of fluorescent protein that exhibi
- Photoactivated adenylyl cyclasePhotoactivated adenylyl cyclase (PAC) is a protein consisting of an adenylyl cyclase enzym
- Photoactivated localization microscopyFluorescence microscopy imaging method
- PhotopheresisMedical intervention
- Photoreceptor proteinMolecular photoreceptors
- PhotostimulationPhotostimulation is the use of light to artificially activate biological compounds, cells,
- PI curveRelationship between solar irradiance and photosynthesis
- Pia materMeningeal structure
- PIEZO2Piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded
- Pill millA pill mill is an illegal facility that resembles a regular pain clinic, but regularly pre
- Pío del Río HortegaPío del Río Hortega (1882 – 1945) was a Spanish neuroscientist who discovered microglia.
- Piriform cortexRegion of the brain
- Piriformis muscleThe piriformis muscle (from Latin piriformis 'pear-shaped') is a flat, pyramidally-shaped
- Pissing contestCompetition to see who can urinate the farthest or highest
- Pituitary stalkThe pituitary stalk, also known as the infundibular stalk, infundibulum, or Fenderson's fu
- Place cellPlace-activated hippocampus cells found in some mammals
- Plane jointA plane joint (arthrodial joint, gliding joint, plane articulation) is a synovial joint wh
- Plantar interossei musclesIn human anatomy, plantar interossei muscles are three muscles located between the metatar
- Plantar reflexReflex of the human foot
- Plasma cellWhite blood cell that secretes large volumes of antibodies
- Plasma osmolalityPlasma osmolality measures the body's electrolyte–water balance. There are several methods
- Plasma proteinProteins present in blood serum
- PlasmapheresisRemoval, treatment and return of blood plasma
- PlasminEnzyme in human blood that degrades clots and other proteins
- Plasminogen activatorType of protein
- Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1Human protein
- Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2Coagulation factor protein found in humans
- Plastid terminal oxidasePlastid terminal oxidase or plastoquinol terminal oxidase (PTOX) is an enzyme that resides
- Platelet storage pool deficiencyMedical condition
- Platelet transfusion refractorinessPlatelet reduction following transfusion
- Platelet-activating factorChemical compound
- Platelet-rich plasmaBlood product used in transfusion medicine
- PlatypneaPlatypnea or platypnoea is shortness of breath (dyspnea) that is relieved when lying down,
- Pleural cavityFluid-filled space between the lungs
- Polyarteritis nodosaPolyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic necrotizing inflammation of blood vessels (vascul
- Polyphasic sleepSleep pattern with more than one period of sleep in a 24-hour period
- PolysomnographyMulti-parameter study of sleep and sleep disorders
- Pontine arteriesThe pontine arteries are a number of small arteries which come off at right angles from ei
- Popliteal arteryContinuation of the femoral artery that supplies the lower leg
- Popliteal veinThe popliteal vein is a vein of the lower limb. It is formed from the anterior tibial vein
- PoppersClass of recreational drug
- Poppy strawPoppy straw (also known as opium straw, mowed opium straw, crushed poppy capsule, poppy ch
- PorosomePorosomes are cup-shaped supramolecular structures in the cell membranes of eukaryotic cel
- Portal veinVein carrying blood from the GI tract, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen to the liver
- Portal venous systemBlood-vessel structure
- Poser criteriaPoser criteria are diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS). They replaced the olde
- Postcentral gyrusIn neuroanatomy, the postcentral gyrus is a prominent gyrus in the lateral parietal lobe o
- Postcentral sulcusThe postcentral sulcus of the parietal lobe lies parallel to, and behind, the central sulc
- Posterior cerebral arteryArtery which supplies blood to the occipital lobe of the brain
- Posterior cingulate cortexCaudal part of the cingulate cortex of the brain
- Posterior compartment of legThe posterior compartment of the leg is one of the fascial compartments of the leg and is
- Posterior compartment of the forearmRegion of the forearm containing 12 muscles for extending the wrist and digits
- Posterior compartment of thighOne of the fascial compartments that contains the knee flexors and hip extensors
- Posterior cortical atrophyMedical condition
- Posterior ethmoidal arteryThe posterior ethmoidal artery is an artery of the head which arises from the ophthalmic a
- Posterior grey columnThe posterior grey column (posterior cornu, dorsal horn, spinal dorsal horn, posterior hor
- Posterior interosseous arteryThe posterior interosseous artery (dorsal interosseous artery) is an artery of the forearm
- Posterior interosseous nerveThe posterior interosseous nerve (or dorsal interosseous nerve/deep radial nerve) is a ner
- Posterior interventricular sulcusThe posterior interventricular sulcus or posterior longitudinal sulcus is one of the two g
- Posterior meningeal arteryThe posterior meningeal artery is one of the meningeal branches of the ascending pharyngea
- Posterior parietal cortexThe posterior parietal cortex (the portion of parietal neocortex posterior to the primary
- Posterior pituitaryPosterior lobe of the pituitary gland
- Posterior scrotal nervesThe posterior scrotal branches are two in number, medial and lateral. They are branches of
- Posterior tibial arteryBlood vessel in the human leg
- Posterior tibial veinThe posterior tibial veins are veins of the leg in humans. They drain the posterior compar
- Posterior ulnar recurrent arteryThe posterior ulnar recurrent artery is an artery in the forearm. It is one of two recurre
- Postganglionic nerve fibersIn the autonomic nervous system, nerve fibers from the ganglion to the effector organ are
- Postictal stateAltered state of consciousness after an epileptic seizure
- Postsynaptic potentialAny process that modulates the potential difference across a post-synaptic membrane
- Potassium channelIon channel that selectively passes K+
- Potassium in biologyPotassium is the main intracellular ion for all types of cells, while having a major role
- Potassium-aggravated myotoniaPotassium-aggravated myotonia is a rare genetic disorder that affects skeletal muscle. Beg
- PR intervalIn electrocardiography, the PR interval is the period, measured in milliseconds, that exte
- Pre-Bötzinger complexCluster of interneurons in the medulla oblongata
- Pre-excitation syndromeHeart disorder in which the cardiac ventricles activate too early
- Pre-locus coeruleusPre-locus coeruleus is a small nucleus in the brainstem. This small cluster of neurons als
- Precentral gyrusThe precentral gyrus is a prominent gyrus on the surface of the posterior frontal lobe of
- Precentral sulcusThe precentral sulcus is a part of the human brain that lies parallel to, and in front of,
- PrecuneusRegion of the parietal lobe of the brain
- Precursor cellPartially differentiated usually unipotent cell
- Predictive codingTheory of brain function
- PreflexesLatent capacities in the musculoskeletal system
- Prefrontal cortexPart of the brain responsible for personality, decision-making, and social behavior
- Preganglionic nerve fibersIn the autonomic nervous system, nerve fibers from the central nervous system to the gangl
- Pregnenolone sulfatePregnenolone sulfate (PS, PREGS) is an endogenous excitatory neurosteroid that is synthesi
- Preload (cardiology)Heart muscle stretch at rest
- PremasticationPremastication, pre-chewing, or kiss feeding is the act of chewing food for the purpose of
- Premature atrial contractionSkipped beat with atrial origin
- Premature ventricular contractionSkipped human heartbeat with ventricular origin
- Premovement neuronal activityPremovement neuronal activity in neurophysiological literature refers to neuronal modulati
- Prenatal stressPrenatal stress, also known as prenatal maternal stress, occurs when an expectant mother i
- Preoccipital notchAbout 5 centimetres (2.0 in) in front of the occipital pole of the human brain, on the inf
- Preoptic areaRegion of the anterior hypothalamus
- Pretectal areaStructure in the midbrain which mediates responses to ambient light
- Prevention of concussionsPrevention of mild traumatic brain injury involves taking general measures to prevent trau
- Prevertebral gangliaPrevertebral ganglia (or collateral ganglia, or preaortic ganglia) are sympathetic ganglia
- Primary lateral sclerosisPrimary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a very rare neuromuscular disease characterized by prog
- Primary motor cortexPart of the brain's frontal cortex
- Primary olfactory cortexThe primary olfactory cortex (POC) is a portion of the cerebral cortex. It is found in the
- Primary somatosensory cortexIn neuroanatomy, the primary somatosensory cortex is located in the postcentral gyrus of t
- Primary ventricular fibrillationHeart condition
- Primate basal gangliaPart of the nervous system in primates
- Primitive reflexesReflex actions in infants
- Princeps pollicis arteryThe princeps pollicis artery, or principal artery of the thumb, arises from the radial art
- Proboscis extension reflexProboscis extension reflex (PER) is the extension by an insect with an extendable probosci
- ProcalcitoninProcalcitonin (PCT) is a peptide precursor of the hormone calcitonin, the latter being inv
- Products of conceptionProducts of conception, abbreviated POC, is a medical term used for the tissue derived fro
- ProdynorphinProdynorphin, also known as proenkephalin B, is an opioid polypeptide hormone involved wit
- ProerythroblastA proerythroblast (or rubriblast, or pronormoblast) is a precursor cell to the normoblast
- Progressive bulbar palsyProgressive bulbar palsy (PBP) is a medical condition. It belongs to a group of disorders
- Progressive muscular atrophyProgressive muscular atrophy (PMA), also called Duchenne–Aran disease and Duchenne–Aran mu
- Progressive nonfluent aphasiaProgressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA) is one of three clinical syndromes associated with fr
- Projection fiberConsist of efferent and afferent fibers uniting the cortex
- ProlactinProtein family and hormone
- Prolactin cellPituitary gland cell which produces the hormone prolactin
- Prolactin receptorThe prolactin receptor (PRLR) is a type I cytokine receptor encoded in humans by the PRLR
- PromegakaryocytePrecursor cell to a megakaryocyte
- PromyelocyteGranulocyte precursor cell
- PronephrosUrinary organ, nonfunctional in mammals
- ProperdinProtein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
- Properdin deficiencyMedical condition
- ProreninProrenin () is a protein that constitutes a precursor for renin, the hormone that activate
- Prospective memoryForm of memory that involves a planned future action or intention
- ProstaglandinGroup of physiologically active lipid compounds
- Protein CMammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
- Protein C deficiencyMedical condition
- Protein kinase CFamily of enzymes
- Protein kinase C zeta typeMammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
- Protein SVitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein synthesized in the liver
- Protein S deficiencyMedical condition
- Protein signalling in heart developmentThe heart is the first functional organ in a vertebrate embryo. There are 5 stages to hear
- Protein ZMammalian protein involved in blood clotting
- ProteinuriaPresence of an excess of serum proteins in the urine
- Prothrombin complex concentrateMedication
- Prothrombin G20210AMedical condition
- ProthrombinaseComplex that catalyzes conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
- Proximal tubuleSegment of nephron in kidneys
- Pseudostratified columnar epitheliumTissue type
- Pseudounipolar neuronType of neuron
- Psychedelia1960s subculture related to the use of psychedelics
- Psychedelic therapyUse of psychedelic drugs as treatment
- PsycholinguisticsStudy of relations between psychology and language
- Psychology of musicBranch of both psychology and musicology
- PsychoneuroimmunologyArea of study within psychosomatic medicine
- PsychopharmacologyStudy of the effects of psychoactive drugs
- Psychopharmacology (journal)Psychopharmacology is an international, peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the fiel
- Pterygoid foveaThe pterygoid fovea (occasionally called the pterygoid pit or the pterygoid depression) is
- Pterygoid plexusThe pterygoid plexus (; from Greek pteryx, "wing" and eidos, "shape") is a fine venous ple
- Pterygoid processes of the sphenoidThe pterygoid processes of the sphenoid (from Greek pteryx, pterygos, "wing"), one on eith
- Pterygopalatine fossaIn human anatomy, the pterygopalatine fossa (sphenopalatine fossa) is a fossa in the skull
- Pubic symphysisCartilaginous joint between the front of the left and right hip bones
- PubMedOnline biomedical database
- Pudendal canalThe pudendal canal (also called Alcock's canal) is an anatomical structure formed by the o
- Pudendal nerveMain nerve of the perineum
- Pulmonary arteryArtery in pulmonary circulation carrying deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
- Pulmonary hemorrhagePulmonary hemorrhage (or pulmonary haemorrhage) is an acute bleeding from the lung, from t
- Pulmonary veinVeins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
- Pulse oximetryMeasurement of blood oxygen saturation
- Pulse pressureDifference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure
- Pulseless electrical activityMedical condition
- Pulvinar nucleiNuclei located in the thalamus
- Pupillary light reflexEye reflex which alters the pupil's size in response to light intensity
- Pupillary responsePhysiological response that varies the size of the pupil
- Pure red cell aplasiaPure red cell aplasia (PRCA) or erythroblastopenia refers to a type of aplastic anemia aff
- Purkinje cellSpecialized neuron in the cerebellum
- Purkinje fibersFibers in the wall of the heart
- Purpura fulminansMedical condition
- PutamenRound structure at the base of the forebrain
- PutrefactionFifth stage of death
- Pyramidal cellProjection neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus
- Pyramidal process of palatine boneThe pyramidal process of the palatine bone projects backward and lateralward from the junc
- Pyramidal signsIn neurology, signs of dysfunction in the pyramidal tract
- Pyruvic acidSimplest of the alpha-keto acids
