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- A Critical Review of Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on the U.S. Climate2025 U.S. Department of Energy report on climate change
- A General History of the Pyrates1724 book published in Britain
- A Green New Deal"A Green New Deal" was a report released in the United Kingdom on 21 July 2008 by the Gree
- A625 roadThe A625 is a rural road which runs through north Derbyshire and the Peak District in Engl
- A635 roadThe A635 is a main road that runs between Manchester and Doncaster running east–west throu
- AATSRInstrument on the European Space Agency's Envisat satellite
- ABISMOJapanese remotely operated underwater vehicle for deep sea exploration
- Aboriginal Shire of Lockhart RiverThe Aboriginal Shire of Lockhart River is a local government area in Far North Queensland,
- Aboriginal Shire of MapoonThe Aboriginal Shire of Mapoon is a local government area in Far North Queensland, Austral
- Abrasion (geology)Process of erosion
- Abrupt climate changeForm of climate change
- Absolute datingProcess of determining an age on a specified chronology in archaeology and geology
- Abundance of elements in Earth's crustThe abundance of elements in Earth's crust is shown in tabulated form with the estimated c
- Abyssal fanUnderwater geological structures associated with large-scale sediment deposition
- Abyssal plainFlat area on the deep ocean floor
- Abyssal zoneDeep layer of the ocean between 4000 and 9000 meters
- Acadian orogenyNorth American orogeny
- AcanthomorphaClade of fishes
- Acasta GneissMetamorphic rock unit in Canada
- Accretion (geology)Geological process by which material is added to a tectonic plate at a subduction zone
- Accretionary wedgeSediments at a convergent plate boundary
- Accumulated cyclone energyMeasure of tropical cyclone activity
- Acid rainRain that is unusually acidic
- Acraman impact structureImpact crater in South Australia
- AcritarchGroup of organic microfossils
- ActinoliteMineral
- Actinolite, OntarioActinolite ( ak-TIN-oh-lyte) is a compact rural community within geographic Elzevir Townsh
- Action for Climate EmpowermentAction for Climate Empowerment (ACE) is a term adopted by the United Nations Framework Con
- Active faultGeological fault likely to be the source of an earthquake sometime in the future
- Active layerIn environments containing permafrost, the active layer is the top layer of soil that thaw
- AdakiteAdakites are volcanic rocks of intermediate to felsic composition that have geochemical ch
- AdamiteZinc arsenate hydroxide mineral
- Adams–Williamson equationPredicts density vs depth in Earth
- Adaptive capacitySocial and ecological concept
- Adelaide SuperbasinMajor geological province in Australia
- Adenike OladosuNigerian climate activist
- ADEOS IADEOS I (Advanced Earth Observing Satellite 1) was an Earth observation satellite launched
- ADM-AeolusWind-measuring satellite
- Adolf SeilacherAdolf "Dolf" Seilacher (24 February 1925 – 26 April 2014) was a German palaeontologist who
- AdornmentAccessory or ornament worn to enhance the beauty or status of the wearer
- Adrian HădeanAdrian Hădean (born 4 September 1977, Arad) is a Romanian chef. He grew up in Baia Mare, a
- Advanced National Seismic SystemSystem to collect and analyze data on significant earthquakes
- Advanced Very-High-Resolution RadiometerSpace-borne earth reflectance sensor
- Advanced Weather Interactive Processing SystemWeather forecasting tool
- AdvectionTransport of a substance by bulk motion
- AegirineMember of the clinopyroxene group of inosilicate minerals
- Aeolian landformLandforms produced by action of the wind
- Aeolian processesProcesses due to wind activity
- Aerobic methane productionPotential biological pathway for atmospheric methane production
- AeronianSecond stage of the Silurian
- Afar TriangleGeological depression caused by the Afar triple junction
- Afar triple junctionPlace where three tectonic rifts meet in East Africa
- AfforestationEstablishment of trees where there were none previously
- African plateTectonic plate underlying Africa
- African superswellGeological region of exceptional tectonic uplift
- Afro-EurasiaLandmass consisting of Africa, Asia, and Europe
- AfterglowWhitish or rosy light during twilight or after sunset
- Aftermath of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunamiThe aftermath of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami included both a humanitarian crisi
- AftershockSmaller earthquake which follows a larger one in the same area
- AgateBanded variety of chalcedony
- Age of EarthScientific dating of the Earth
- AggradationIncrease in land elevation due to the deposition of sediment
- Aggregate (geology)Geological mass
- Agricultural hydrologyStudy of agricultural water management, especially irrigation and drainage
- Agricultural soil scienceAgricultural soil science is a branch of soil science that deals with the study of edaphic
- Agricultural subsidyGovernmental subsidy paid to farmers and agribusinesses
- AgrivoltaicsSimultaneous agriculture and solar energy production
- AgrogeologyStudy of origins and applications of minerals important to farming
- Aguas CorrientesAguas Corrientes is a small town in the Canelones Department of southern Uruguay. Its name
- AguilariteAguilarite is an uncommon sulfosalt mineral with formula Ag4SeS. It was described in 1891
- AI data centerSpecialized data centers designed for artificial intelligence
- Air currentConcentrated areas of wind due to atmospheric pressure or temperature gradients
- Air massVolume of air defined by its temperature and water vapor content
- Air pollution in GermanyAir pollution in Germany has significantly decreased over the past decade. Air pollution o
- Air source heat pumpMost common type of heat pump
- Air traffic managementAir traffic management (ATM) aims at ensuring the safe and efficient flow of air traffic.
- Air-mass thunderstormThunderstorm that is generally weak and usually not severe
- Aira CalderaLarge flooded coastal volcanic caldera in Japan
- Airborne fractionThe airborne fraction is a scaling factor defined as the ratio of the annual increase in a
- AkiliaIsland in southwestern Greenland
- Al GoreVice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001
- AlabanditeSulfide mineral
- AlabasterLightly colored, translucent, and soft calcium minerals, typically gypsum
- Alain le PichonAlain le Pichon (born 29 November 1944) is a French Anthropologist.
- Albert Charles PealeAmerican geologist, mineralogist and paleobotanist
- Alberta clipperLow pressure area weather system common to North America
- Alberta Geological SurveyThe Alberta Geological Survey (AGS), founded in 1921, is the official provincial geologica
- Albertine RiftWestern branch of the East African Rift
- AlbiteSodium endmember of the plagioclase feldspar series
- Aldan ShieldAldan Shield (Russian: Алданский щит) is a shield in Siberia. It is an exposed basement of
- Aleutian TrenchOceanic trench along the southern coastline of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands
- Alexander Agassiz MedalThe Alexander Agassiz Medal is awarded every three years by the U.S. National Academy of S
- Alexander Buchan (meteorologist)British botanist and climate scientist
- Alexandra Railway BridgeAlexandra Railway Bridge is a heritage-listed railway bridge adjacent to North Street, Roc
- Alexandria, VirginiaIndependent city in Virginia, US
- Alfred C. RedfieldAlfred Clarence Redfield (November 15, 1890 – March 17, 1983) was an American oceanographe
- Alfred EisenackAlfred Eisenack (born 13 May 1891 in Altfelde, West Prussia, died 19 April 1982 in Reutlin
- Alfredo JahnDr. Alfredo Jahn Hartman (8 October 1867 – 12 July 1940) was a Venezuelan civil engineer,
- Algal matAlgal mats are one of many types of microbial mat that forms on the surface of water or ro
- Algoman orogenyLate Archaean episode of mountain building in what is now North America
- Alkali basaltAlkali basalt or alkali olivine basalt is a dark-colored, porphyritic volcanic rock usuall
- Alkali feldspar graniteAlkali feldspar granite, some varieties of which are called 'red granite', is a felsic ign
- Alkaline magma seriesSeries of alkaline magmas produced by igneous differentiation
- AlkalinityCapacity of water to resist changes in pH that would make the water more acidic
- AlkenoneAlkenones are long-chain unsaturated methyl and ethyl n-ketones produced by a few phytopla
- Allam power cycleFuel to energy conversion process
- AllaniteRare-earth enriched sorosilicate mineral
- Allegheny PlateauDissected plateau in the eastern United States
- Allen HazenAllen Hazen (August 28, 1869 – July 26, 1930) was an American civil engineer and an expert
- Alliance of Small Island StatesIntergovernmental organization
- Allied military phonetic spelling alphabetsThe Allied military phonetic spelling alphabets prescribed the words that are used to repr
- Alluvial fanFan-shaped deposit of sediment
- Alluvial riverType of river
- AlluviumLoose soil or sediment that is eroded and redeposited in a non-marine setting
- AlmandineSpecies of mineral belonging to the garnet group
- Almost sure hypothesis testingIn statistics, almost sure hypothesis testing or a.s. hypothesis testing utilizes almost s
- Alpine climateTypical weather for regions above the tree line
- Alpine FaultLarge geological fault in New Zealand
- Alpine lakeHigh-altitude lake in a mountainous zone
- Alpine orogenyFormation of the Alpine mountain ranges of Europe, the Middle East and northwest Africa
- Alpine tundraBiome found at high altitudes
- AltkönigThe Altkönig is the third highest mountain of the Taunus range in Hesse, Germany, reaching
- Altocumulus cloudGenus of mid-level cloud
- Altocumulus floccusAltocumulus floccus is a cloud type named for its tuft-like, wooly appearance. The base of
- Altona, NebraskaAltona is an unincorporated community in Wayne County, Nebraska, United States.
- Altostratus cloudType of middle-altitude cloud
- Altostratus undulatus cloudVariety of cloud
- AluminateIn chemistry, an aluminate is a compound containing an oxyanion of aluminium, such as sodi
- AluminiteSulfate mineral
- Aluminium silicateAluminum silicate (or aluminium silicate) is a name commonly applied to chemical compounds
- AluminosilicateMineral with elements Al, Si and O
- AluniteAluminium potassium sulfate mineral
- Alunite, UtahAlunite ( AL-ə-nyte) is a ghost town located some 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Marysvale, nea
- AlvarLimestone-based biological environment
- Alvarez hypothesisAsteroid impact hypothesis
- Amadeus BasinThe Amadeus Basin is a large (~170,000 km2) intracratonic sedimentary basin in central Aus
- Amasia (supercontinent)Possible future supercontinent
- Amateur geologyNon-professional study and collecting of rocks and minerals
- Amazonas (Venezuelan state)State in Venezuela
- AmberFossilized tree resin
- AmblygonitePhosphate mineral
- American Clean Energy and Security ActProposed United States climate and energy legislation (Waxman-Markey); never passed
- American Meteorological SocietyAmerican non-profit and society
- American River (Washington)The American River is a tributary of the Bumping River in Washington. It flows down the ea
- AmethystMineral, quartz variety
- Amino acid datingPaleontological dating technique
- Amorphous calcium carbonateNon-crystalline CaCO3
- AmphiboleGroup of inosilicate minerals
- AmphiboliteMetamorphic rock type
- AmrumAmrum (German pronunciation: ; Öömrang North Frisian: Oomram) is one of the North Frisian
- Amur plateMinor tectonic plate in eastern Asia
- Amy C. ClementAmerican climatologist
- An Inconvenient Sequel (book)2017 book by Al Gore
- Anahim hotspotHypothetical Geologic Hotspot
- AnalcimeZeolite mineral
- Analogue modelling (geology)Analogue modelling is a laboratory experimental method using uncomplicated physical models
- Anastasia FormationGeologic formation in Florida from the Late Pleistocene
- AnataseMineral form of titanium dioxide
- AnatexisAnatexis (via Latin from Greek roots meaning "to melt down") is the partial melting of roc
- Anatolian plateContinental tectonic plate comprising most of the Anatolian Peninsula (Asia Minor)
- AncorinidaeAncorinidae is a family of marine sponges belonging to the order of Tetractinellida.
- Ancylus LakePredecessor to the Baltic Sea
- AndalusiteAluminium nesosilicate mineral
- Andean foreland basinsThe Andean foreland basins or Sub-Andean basins are a group of foreland basins located in
- Andean orogenyOngoing mountain-forming process in South America
- AndesinePlagioclase feldspar with 50–70% albite
- AndesiteType of volcanic rock
- Andrés Manuel del RíoMexican scientist (1764–1849)
- Andrew SimmsAndrew Simms is an author, analyst and co-director of the New Weather Institute. He is a r
- Angadipuram LateriteLaterite is a rock type found in the tropical region. The term laterite was coined by Fran
- Anglers Rest, VictoriaAnglers Rest is a locality in Victoria, Australia. It is on the Omeo Highway, 28.5 kilomet
- AnglesiteLead sulfate mineral
- Anglian stagePeriod of the Pleistocene epoch
- AngocheAngoche is a district, city and municipality located in Nampula Province in north-eastern
- Angry Summer2013 Australian summer
- AnhydriteMineral, anhydrous calcium sulfate
- Animikie GroupThe Animikie Group is a geologic group composed of sedimentary and metasedimentary rock, h
- Ann Henderson-SellersAustralian climatologist
- AnniviersAnniviers is a municipality in the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerla
- Annular tropical cycloneTropical cyclone with a symmetrical shape
- Anny CazenaveFrench space geodesist
- AnorthiteCalcium endmember of the plagioclase feldspar series
- AnorthositeMafic intrusive igneous rock composed predominantly of plagioclase
- Anoxic eventHistoric oxygen depletion events in Earth's oceans
- Anoxic watersAreas of seawater, freshwater, or groundwater that are depleted of dissolved oxygen
- Antarctic bottom waterCold, dense, water mass originating in the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica
- Antarctic plateMajor tectonic plate containing Antarctica and the surrounding ocean floor
- Antarctic sea iceAntarctic sea ice is the sea ice of the Southern Ocean. It extends from the far north in t
- Antarctic Technology Offshore Lagoon LaboratoryFloating oceanographic laboratory for in situ observation experiments
- AnthophylliteSilicate amphibole mineral
- AnthraciteHard, compact variety of coal
- AnthropoceneProposed geologic epoch
- Anti-fogAnti-fog agents, also known as anti-fogging agents and treatments, are chemicals that prev
- Anti-fouling paintAnti-fouling paint is a specialized category of coatings applied as the outer (outboard) l
- AnticlineGeological strata bent into an arch
- Anticyclonic stormType of storm
- Anticyclonic tornadoTornadoes that spin in the opposite direction of normal tornadoes
- Antimony trisulfideAntimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) is found in nature as the crystalline mineral stibnite and the
- Antipodal pointPair of diametrically opposite points on a circle, sphere, or hypersphere
- AntozoniteVariant of fluorite (CaF2)
- ApatiteMineral group, calcium phosphate
- AphaniteAphanites (adj. aphanitic; from Ancient Greek αφανης (aphanḗs) 'invisible') are igneous ro
- Aphotic zonePortion of a lake or ocean where less than 1% of sunlight penetrates
- Apidima CaveArchaeological site in Greece
- ApliteFine-grained intrusive igneous rock type similar to granite
- ApophylliteThe name apophyllite refers to a specific group of phyllosilicates, a class of minerals. O
- ApoyequeApoyeque is a pyroclastic shield, located in the Chiltepe Peninsula Natural Reserve in Nic
- Apparent temperatureTemperature as perceived by humans
- Applications Technology SatellitesThe Applications Technology Satellites (ATS) were a series of experimental satellites laun
- April 1920 tornado outbreakWeather event in the United States
- April 2019 North American blizzardWeather event in the United States
- Aquaculture of giant kelpCultivation of seaweed
- Aquamarine (gem)Variety of beryl
- Aquarius Reef BaseThe Aquarius Reef Base is an underwater habitat located 5.4 mi (8.7 km) off Key Largo in t
- Aquatic ecosystemEcosystem in a body of water
- AquiferUnderground water-bearing rock
- Aquitaine BasinThe Aquitaine Basin is the second largest Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary basin in Franc
- Arabian plateMinor tectonic plate
- AragoniteCalcium carbonate mineral
- Aragonite seaChemical conditions of the sea favouring aragonite deposition
- Arcadia FormationGeologic formation in Florida
- ArcheanGeologic eon, 4031–2500 million years ago
- Archean life in the Barberton Greenstone BeltSome of the most widely accepted fossil evidence for Archean life
- Archie's lawRelationship between the electrical conductivity of a rock and its porosity
- ArchipelagoCollection of islands
- Architecture for REDD+ TransactionsCarbon-crediting programme for jurisdictional REDD+
- Arctic dipole anomalyThe Arctic dipole anomaly is a pressure pattern characterized by high pressure on the arct
- Arctic methane emissionsRelease of methane in the Arctic
- Arctic oscillationClimatic cycle over Earth's North Pole
- Arctic resources raceCompetition over resources in the Arctic
- Arctic sea ice declineSea ice loss in recent decades in the Arctic Ocean
- ArcticaAncient continent in the Neoarchean era
- Arcus cloudLow-altitude horizontal cloud formation
- Area codes 815 and 779Area codes 815 and 779 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP
- Arendal (town)Arendal (Urban East Norwegian pronunciation: ) is a city in Agder county, Norway. The city
- ArêteNarrow ridge formed by glacial erosion
- Argentine SeaSea within the continental shelf off the Argentine mainland
- Argon–argon datingRadiometric dating method
- Arid DiagonalSouth American climate zone
- AridityTerm for regions characterized by a severe lack of available water
- Aridity indexNumerical indicator of dryness of the climate at a given location
- Arizona Mining and Mineral MuseumFormer museum in Phoenix
- ArmalcoliteOxide mineral
- Armorican terraneMicrocontinent or group of continental fragments rifted away from Gondwana
- Arnold HagueAmerican geologist
- Arnold Henry GuyotSwiss-American geologist and geographer (1807-1884)
- ARPA-EAgency of the U.S. Energy Department
- Arroyo (watercourse)Dry watercourse with flow after rain
- Arsenate mineralNaturally occurring orthoarsenates
- Arsenic cycleThe arsenic (As) cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of natural and anthropogenic exchanges
- Arsenide mineralAn arsenide mineral is a mineral that contains arsenide as its main anion. Arsenides are g
- Arsenite mineralArsenite minerals are very rare oxygen-bearing arsenic minerals. Classical world localitie
- ArsenopyriteIron-arsenic sulfide mineral
- Artesia GroupThe Artesia Group is a group of geologic formations found in southeastern New Mexico and w
- Artesian wellNaturally-pressurized water source
- Arthur HolmesEnglish geologist (1890 – 1965)
- Arthur's SeatMountainous hill in Edinburgh, Scotland
- Artificial islandIsland constructed by people
- ArtificialityState of being the product of intentional human manufacture
- Artisanal miningIndependent, small-scale, subsistence mining
- AsbestosCarcinogenic fibrous silicate mineral
- ASEAN Centre for EnergyIntergovernmental organisation
- Ash Wednesday Storm of 19621962 Nor'easter affecting the eastern U.S.
- Ashfall Fossil BedsThe Ashfall Fossil Beds of Antelope County in northeastern Nebraska are rare fossil sites
- Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and ClimateInternational non-treaty agreement
- Asian brown cloudRecurrent layer of air pollution covering South Asia
- Asian land mammal ageGeologic timescale for prehistoric Asian fauna
- AsperitasAsperitas is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk
- Asperitas (cloud)Supplementary cloud
- Assisted migrationIntentional transport of species to a different habitat
- Assisted migration of forests in North AmericaHuman-facilitated forest migration process
- Association for Skeptical EnquiryThe Association for Skeptical Enquiry (ASKE) is a skeptical organisation in the United Kin
- AsthenosphereHighly viscous, ductile, and mechanically weak region of Earth's mantle
- Aston Rowant National Nature ReserveAston Rowant National Nature Reserve is located on the north-west escarpment of the Chilte
- AstrapotheriaAstrapotheria is an extinct order of South American and Antarctic hoofed mammals that exis
- AstrapotheriidaeAstrapotheriidae is an extinct family of herbivorous South American land mammals that live
- Asymmetry of the Intertropical Convergence ZoneThere are a number of explanations of the asymmetry of the Intertropical Convergence Zone
- Atchafalaya BasinLargest wetland and swamp in the United States
- Atlantic hurricaneTropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic Ocean
- Atlantic hurricane reanalysis projectProject to add new information about past North Atlantic hurricanes
- Atlantic hurricane seasonAnnual time period
- Atlantic multidecadal oscillationClimate cycle that affects the surface temperature of the North Atlantic
- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological LaboratoryThe Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), a federal research labora
- Atlantic Seaboard Fall LineEscarpment in the Eastern United States
- AtlanticaAncient continent formed during the Proterozoic about 2 billion years ago
- Atmosphere of EarthGas layer surrounding Earth
- Atmosphere of the MoonVery scant presence of gases around the Moon
- Atmospheric circulationProcess which distributes thermal energy about Earth's surface
- Atmospheric convectionAtmospheric phenomenon
- Atmospheric electricityElectricity in planetary atmospheres
- Atmospheric escapeLoss of planetary atmospheric gases to outer space
- Atmospheric infrared sounderScience instrument on NASA's Aqua satellite
- Atmospheric instabilityCondition where the Earth's atmosphere is generally considered to be unstable
- Atmospheric methaneMethane (CH4) in Earth's atmosphere
- Atmospheric pressureStatic pressure exerted by the weight of the Earth's atmosphere
- Atmospheric reanalysisScientific procedure for the creation of meteorological data sets
- Atmospheric riverNarrow corridor of concentrated moisture in the atmosphere
- Atmospheric scienceStudy of the Earth's atmosphere
- Atmospheric temperaturePhysical quantity that expresses hot and cold in the atmosphere
- Atmospheric tideGlobal-scale periodic oscillations of the atmosphere
- AtollRing-shaped coral reef
- ATS-3American experimental satellite
- ATS-4ATS-4 (Applications Technology Satellite) also known as ATS-D was a communications satelli
- Attrition (erosion)Attrition is the process of erosion that occurs during rock collision and transportation.
- Aubach (Wiehl)The Aubach is an orographically left tributary of the River Wiehl in the German state of N
- Aubrey holesRing of chalk pits at Stonehenge
- AucanquilchaStratovolcano in Antofagasta Region, Chile
- AugiteCommon rock-forming pyroxene mineral
- August 2008 European tornado outbreakWeather event in Europe
- AulacogenFailed arm of a triple junction, an inactive rift zone
- AuroraAtmospheric effect caused by the solar wind
- Austin ChalkThe Austin Chalk is an upper Cretaceous geologic formation in the Gulf Coast region of the
- AustiniteAustinite is a member of the adelite-descloizite group, adelite subgroup, the zinc (Zn) en
- Australian east coast lowWeather phenomenon
- Australian plateMajor tectonic plate
- Australian region tropical cycloneType of cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere
- Australian Renewable Energy HubPlanned renewable energy plant in Western Australia
- Australian Soil ClassificationAustralia's soil classification system
- AuthigenesisAuthigenesis is the process whereby a mineral or sedimentary rock deposit is generated whe
- AutobesityTrend towards increasing size of cars
- Autochthon (geology)An autochthon in structural geology is a large block or mass of rock which is in the place
- Automated Tropical Cyclone Forecasting SystemSoftware used to predict and track tropical cyclones
- Automatic weather stationMeteorological instrument
- AutumnOne of Earth's four temperate seasons
- Autumn 2000 Western Europe floodsNatural disaster in Europe
- AutuniteType of phosphate mineral
- AvalancheRapid flow of a mass of snow down a slope
- Avalon PeninsulaPeninsula on the island of Newfoundland
- AvaloniaMicrocontinent in the Paleozoic era
- Avaste Nature ReserveAvaste Nature Reserve is a nature reserve situated in western Estonia, to largest extent i
- Aviation biofuelSustainable fuel used to power aircraft
- Avulsion (river)Rapid abandonment of a river channel and formation of a new channel
- AxiniteGroup of minerals
- Azolla eventHypothetical geoclimatic event
- Azores HighHigh air pressure area in the Atlantic Ocean
- Azure WindowFormer natural arch in Gozo, Malta
- AzuriteCopper carbonate mineral
