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- C-RafRAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase, also known as proto-oncogene c-RAF or
- C-valueAmount of DNA contained in a haploid nucleus
- C. B. van NielCornelis Bernardus van Niel (also known as Kees van Niel; November 4, 1897 – March 10, 198
- C20orf96Protein-coding gene in humans
- C2orf27Uncharacterized protein C2orf27 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C2orf27A gen
- C3 carbon fixationSeries of interconnected biochemical reactions
- C3orf38Uncharacterized gene
- C3orf70Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
- C4 carbon fixationPhotosynthetic process in some plants
- C4AProtein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
- C57BL/6C57BL/6, often referred to as "C57 black 6", "B6", "C57" or "black 6", is a common inbred
- C957TThe C957T gene polymorphism is a synonymous mutation located within the 957th base pair of
- C9orf50Protein found in humans
- C9orf85Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
- CAAT boxDistinct pattern of nucleotides in molecular biology
- Calcichordate hypothesisThe calcichordate hypothesis, formulated by British Museum paleontologist Richard Jefferie
- CalcitarchGroup of calcareous microfossils
- Calcium pumpFamily of transport proteins
- CaldifarciminotaPhylum of bacteria
- CaliciviridaeFamily of viruses
- CallosePlant cell wall polysaccharide
- Calvin BridgesCalvin Blackman Bridges (January 11, 1889 – December 27, 1938) was an American scientist k
- Calvin cycleLight-independent reactions in photosynthesis
- CaminalculesConceptual lifeforms to assist in understanding phylogenrtics
- CAMP testMicrobiological method for identification
- CAMP-dependent pathwayIn the field of molecular biology, the cAMP-dependent pathway, also known as the adenylyl
- Campomelic dysplasiaCampomelic dysplasia (CMD) is a genetic disorder characterized by bowing of the long bones
- CampylobacterGenus of gram-negative bacteria
- Campylobacter coliCampylobacter coli is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, non-endospore-forming, S-shaped ba
- Campylobacter fetusSpecies of bacterium
- Campylobacter lariCampylobacter lari (formerly Campylobacter laridis) is a species of nalidixic acid-resista
- CampylobacteriaOrder of bacteria
- CampylobacterotaPhylum of bacteria
- Canalisation (genetics)Measure of the ability of a population to produce the same phenotype
- Cancer cellTumor cell
- Cancer epigeneticsField of study in cancer research
- Cancer Genome Anatomy ProjectOnline genome database
- Candida (fungus)Genus of ascomycete fungi
- Candida aurisSpecies of fungus
- Candidate geneGene considered likely to be involved in a condition
- Candidate phyla radiationEvolutionary radiation of bacterial lineages
- CandidatusIndication in bacteriological nomenclature
- Canine parvovirusContagious virus mainly affecting dogs
- Cap analysis of gene expressionCap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) is a gene expression technique used in molecular bi
- Cap snatchingStep in viral RNA transcription
- Capitulum of the humerusIn human anatomy of the arm, the capitulum of the humerus is a smooth, rounded eminence on
- CapnocytophagaGenus of bacteria
- Capnocytophaga canimorsusSpecies of bacteria
- CAPP-SeqDNA sequencing method
- Capping enzymeClass of enzymes
- CapsidProtein shell of a virus
- Carbon Based LifeformsCarbon Based Lifeforms is a Swedish electronic music duo formed in Gothenburg in 1996 by J
- Carbon-based lifeCarbon-based life is the concept that carbon is the core element for all known forms of li
- CarboxysomeBacterial microcompartment containing the enzyme RuBisCo
- CarcinisationEvolution of crustaceans into crab-like forms
- Carcinogenic bacteriaBacteria known or suspected to cause cancer
- Cardiac cyclePerformance of the human heart
- Cardiac muscleMuscular tissue of heart in vertebrates
- Cardiobacterium hominisSpecies of bacterium
- CardiovirusCardiovirus are a group of viruses within order Picornavirales, family Picornaviridae. Ver
- Caretaker geneGenes that encode genome-stabilizing products
- Carl LarssonCarl Olof Larsson (Swedish pronunciation: ; 28 May 1853 – 22 January 1919) was a Swedish p
- Carolyn J. BrownCarolyn J. Brown (born in 1961, Ontario) is a Canadian geneticist and Professor in the Dep
- Carpal bonesEight bones that make up the wrist
- Carrier testingCarrier testing is a type of genetic testing that is used to determine if a person is a ca
- Carrying capacityMaximum population size of a species that an ecosystem can support
- Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety2003 international agreement on biosafety
- Cas13RNA-targeting CRISPR effector
- Cas9Microbial protein found in Streptococcus pyogenes M1 GAS
- CaseinFamily of proteins found in milk
- Caspase 11Murine caspase-11, and its human homologs caspase-4 and caspase-5, are mammalian intracell
- Cat coat geneticsGenetics responsible for the appearance of a cat's fur
- CatabolismSet of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units
- Catabolite activator proteinTrans-acting transcriptional activator
- Catabolite repressionMetabolic process in microorganisms
- CatalaseEnzyme decomposing hydrogen peroxide
- Catalytic triadSet of three coordinated amino acids
- CatecholamineClass of chemical compounds
- Catherine A. LozuponeAmerican microbiologist
- Catocala relictaCatocala relicta, the white underwing or relict, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The spe
- CaulimoviridaeCaulimoviridae is a family of viruses infecting plants. There are 94 species in this famil
- Caulobacter crescentusCaulobacter crescentus is a Gram-negative, oligotrophic bacterium widely distributed in fr
- CAZyCAZy is a database of Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes (CAZymes). The database contains a class
- CBX5 (gene)Chromobox protein homolog 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CBX5 gene. It is
- CC (cat)Cloned cat
- CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteinsProtein family
- CccDNAIntermediate DNA structure in viral replication
- CCDC142Gene
- CCL25Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 25 (CCL25) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine
- CCRL1C-C chemokine receptor type 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCRL1 gene.
- CD16CD16, also known as FcγRIII, is a cluster of differentiation molecule found on the surface
- CDK5RAP2CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the
- CDKN1BProtein-coding gene in humans
- CDKN2AProtein-coding gene in humans
- CdxGroup of genes
- CecropinCecropins are antimicrobial peptides. They were first isolated from the hemolymph of Hyalo
- CecumPouch in the large intestine
- Cell adhesionProcess of cell attachment
- Cell adhesion moleculeCell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are a subset of cell surface proteins that are involved in
- Cell cycle analysisBiological measurement technique
- Cell cycle checkpointControl mechanism in the eukaryotic cell cycle
- Cell deathBiological cell ceasing to carry out its functions
- Cell divisionBiological process
- Cell encapsulationCell encapsulation is a possible solution to graft rejection in tissue engineering applica
- Cell envelopeThe cell envelope comprises the inner cell membrane and the cell wall of a bacterium. In G
- Cell fate determinationWithin the field of developmental biology, one goal is to understand how a particular cell
- Cell fusionBiological process in which cells combine
- Cell growthIncrease of the total mass of a cell
- Cell junctionMultiprotein complex that forms a point of contact or adhesion in animal cells
- Cell mechanicsCell mechanics is a sub-field of biophysics that focuses on the mechanical properties and
- Cell migrationProcess in multicellular organisms
- Cell ontologyThe Cell Ontology is an ontology that aims at capturing the diversity of cell types in ani
- Cell physiologyStudy of cell activity
- Cell polarityPolar morphology of a cell, a specific orientation of the cell structure
- Cell potencyAbility of a cell to differentiate into other cell types
- Cell proliferationBiological process of growth and division
- Cell surface receptorCell surface receptors (membrane receptors, transmembrane receptors) are receptors that ar
- Cell theoryTheory that living organisms are made up of cells
- Cell typeMetaclass used to distinguish between cell forms
- Cellular differentiationTransformation of a stem cell to a more specialized cell
- Cellular extensionsStructures projecting from cells
- Cellular microbiologyScientific discipline
- Cellular senescencePhenomenon characterized by the cessation of cell division
- Cellular waste productCellular waste products are formed as a by-product of cellular respiration, a series of pr
- Center for Veterinary MedicineThe Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) is a branch of the U.S. Food and Drug Administrat
- CentimorganUnit for measuring genetic linkage
- Central chimpanzeeThe central chimpanzee or the tschego (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) is a subspecies of chi
- Central dogma of molecular biologyExplanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system
- CentrinCentrins, also known as caltractins, are a family of calcium-binding phosphoproteins found
- CentromereSpecialized DNA sequence of a chromosome that links a pair of sister chromatids
- CentrosomeCell organelle in animal cell helping in cell division
- Centrosome cycleCentrosomes are the major microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) in mammalian cells. Failur
- Cephalic presentationIn obstetrics, a cephalic presentation or head presentation or head-first presentation is
- Cephalopod beakBody part of cephalopods
- CephamycinCephamycins are a group of β-lactam antibiotics. They are very similar to cephalosporins,
- CephemCephems are a sub-group of β-lactam antibiotics including cephalosporins and cephamycins.
- CeramideFamily of waxy lipid molecules
- Cerebral autoregulationCerebral autoregulation is a process in mammals that aims to maintain adequate and stable
- Cerebrospinal fluidClear, colorless bodily fluid found in the brain and spinal cord
- Ceruminous glandCeruminous glands are specialized sweat glands located subcutaneously in the external audi
- CervixLower part of the uterus in the female reproductive system
- CHAF1AChromatin assembly factor 1 subunit A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHAF1A
- CHAF1BChromatin assembly factor 1 subunit B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHAF1B
- Chang LaChang La is a high mountain pass in Ladakh at an elevation of 5,391.3024 m (17,688.000 ft)
- Chaperone (protein)Class of enzymes
- Chaperone-mediated autophagyChaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) refers to the chaperone-dependent selection of soluble
- Character displacementDifferentiation of similar species in the same region
- Charcot–Marie–Tooth diseaseNeuromuscular disease
- Chargaff's rulesTwo rules about the percentage of A, C, G, and T in DNA strands
- Charles ChamberlandCharles Edouard Chamberland (French pronunciation: ; 12 March 1851 – 2 May 1908) was a Fre
- Charles DonovanLieutenant Colonel Charles Donovan (19 September 1863 – 29 October 1951) was an Irish phys
- Charles WatertonEnglish naturalist and explorer (1782–1865)
- Cheating (biology)Exploitive behavior in behavioral ecology
- CheekFacial feature
- CHEK2CHEK2 (Checkpoint kinase 2) is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes the protein CHK2, a se
- Chemically defined mediumType of cell growth medium
- ChemiosmosisElectrochemical principle that enables cellular respiration
- ChemostatType of bioreactor
- ChemosynthesisBiological process
- ChemotrophOrganisms that obtain energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments
- Chiasma (genetics)Point of contact among homologous chromosomes
- Child development stagesTheoretical milestones of child development
- Child mortalityDeath rate of infants and young children
- Chimera (genetics)Organism composed of cells of different genotypes
- Chimera (virus)Virus with genetic material derived from multiple different viruses
- Chimpanzee genome projectEffort to determine the DNA sequence of the chimpanzee genome
- Chinese hamster ovary cellCell line
- ChIP sequencingMethod used to analyze protein interactions with DNA
- ChIP-on-chipChIP-on-chip (also known as ChIP-chip) is a technology that combines chromatin immunopreci
- ChirotheriumChirotherium, also known as Cheirotherium (‘hand-beast’), is a Triassic trace fossil consi
- Chlamydia felisSpecies of bacterium
- Chlamydia psittaciSpecies of bacterium
- ChloracidobacteriumChloracidobacterium is a genus of the Acidobacteriota. It is currently assigned to the fam
- ChloramphenicolAntibiotic
- Chloramphenicol acetyltransferaseChloramphenicol acetyltransferase (or CAT) is a bacterial enzyme (EC 2.3.1.28) that detoxi
- ChlorarachniophyteGroup of cercozoans
- Chlorobaculum tepidumChlorobaculum tepidum, previously known as Chlorobium tepidum, is an anaerobic, thermophil
- ChlorodendralesOrder of algae
- Chloroflexus aurantiacusSpecies of bacterium
- Chloroplast membraneChloroplasts contain several important membranes, vital for their function. Like mitochond
- ChlorosomeMembrane-associated antenna complex
- Cholera toxinBacteria-produced protein complex and disease agent
- CholesteatomaCholesteatoma is a destructive and expanding growth consisting of keratinizing squamous ep
- Cholesterol 25-hydroxylaseIn enzymology, a cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.99.38) is an enzyme that catalyzes th
- Choline acetyltransferaseCholine acetyltransferase (commonly abbreviated as ChAT, but sometimes CAT) is a transfera
- ChordopoxvirinaeSubfamily of viruses
- Chorionic villus samplingPrenatal genetic disorder test
- Christian de DuveBelgian biochemist and cytologist (1917–2013)
- Christina S. LeslieCanadian-American computational biologist
- Christmas in Nazi GermanyThe celebration of Christmas in Nazi Germany included attempts by the regime to bring the
- ChromatiaceaeThe Chromatiaceae are one of the two families of purple sulfur bacteria, together with the
- ChromatialesOrder of bacteria
- ChromatidOne half of a duplicated chromosome
- ChromatinComplex of DNA and protein in eukaryotic cells
- Chromatin assembly factor 1Protein complex
- Chromatin immunoprecipitationChromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a type of immunoprecipitation experimental techniq
- Chromatin remodelingChromatin remodeling is the dynamic modification of chromatin architecture to allow access
- ChromodomainA chromodomain (chromatin organization modifier) is a protein structural domain of about 4
- ChromomereDefinition of scientific term
- ChromoplastPigment-bearing organelle in plant cells
- ChromoplexyChromoplexy refers to a class of complex DNA rearrangement observed in the genomes of canc
- Chromosomal crossoverCellular process
- Chromosomal deletion syndromeClass of genetic disorders
- Chromosomal fragile siteCytogenetic feature
- Chromosomal inversionChromosome rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome is reversed
- Chromosomal rearrangementType of genetic mutation
- Chromosomal translocationPhenomenon that results in unusual rearrangement of an chromosomes
- Chromosome 10Human chromosome
- Chromosome 11Human chromosome
- Chromosome 12Human chromosome
- Chromosome 13Human chromosome
- Chromosome 14Human chromosome
- Chromosome 15Human chromosome
- Chromosome 16Human chromosome
- Chromosome 17Human chromosome
- Chromosome 18Human chromosome
- Chromosome 19Human chromosome
- Chromosome 2Human chromosome
- Chromosome 20Human chromosome
- Chromosome 21Human chromosome
- Chromosome 22Human chromosome
- Chromosome 3Human chromosome
- Chromosome 4Human chromosome
- Chromosome 5Human chromosome
- Chromosome 6Human chromosome
- Chromosome 7Human chromosome
- Chromosome 8Human chromosome
- Chromosome 9Human chromosome
- Chromosome abnormalityAbnormal number or structure of chromosomes
- Chromosome instabilityType of genomic instability
- Chromosome segregationBiological process
- Chronic diseases and cancers linked to infectious microbesMany chronic diseases and cancers are associated with infectious microbes. By this it is m
- Chronic granulomatous diseaseHereditary disease group
- Chronic periodontitisChronic periodontitis is one of the seven categories of periodontitis as defined by the Am
- ChronobiologyStudy of rhythms in biological processes of living organisms
- ChroococcidiopsisChroococcidiopsis is a photosynthetic, coccoidal bacterium, and the only genus in the orde
- Church of Conscious LivingThe Church of Conscious Living is an Australian anti-vaccination organisation founded in 2
- Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 95Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
- CiliumOrganelle found on eukaryotic cells
- CIP/KIPThe CIP/KIP (CDK interacting protein/Kinase inhibitory protein) family is one of two famil
- CircoviridaeFamily of viruses
- Circular chromosomeType of chromosome
- Circulating free DNADegraded DNA fragments circulating in bodily fluids
- Cis-natural antisense transcriptNatural antisense transcripts (NATs) are a group of RNAs encoded within a cell that have t
- Cis-regulatory elementRegion of non-coding DNA that regulates the transcription of neighboring genes
- CistronRegion of DNA equaling a gene as defined by complementation test
- Citric acid cycleInterconnected biochemical reactions releasing energy
- CitrobacterCitrobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped coliform bacteria of the Ente
- Citrobacter freundiiCitrobacter freundii is a species of facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria of the f
- Citrus blightTree disease
- Citrus greening diseaseBacterial disease of citrus, bug-borne
- Civil Code of the People's Republic of ChinaCivil code effective 1 January 2021
- CladeGroup of a common ancestor and all of their descendants
- CladisticsMethod of biological systematics in evolutionary biology
- CladogenesisEvolutionary splitting of a parent species into two distinct species, forming a clade
- CladogramDiagram used to show relations among groups of organisms with common origins
- ClarkiaClarkia is a genus within the flowering plant family Onagraceae. Over 40 species are curre
- Class (taxonomy)Taxonomic rank between phylum and order
- Class II geneType of gene
- Classical geneticsBranch of genetics
- ClathriaClathria is a large genus of demosponges in the family Microcionidae.
- Clavibacter michiganensisSpecies of bacterium
- Clavibacter sepedonicusSpecies of bacterium
- ClavicleLong bone that serves as a strut between the scapula and the sternum
- ClawCurved, pointed appendage at the end of a digit of a mammal, bird, or reptile
- Cleavage (embryo)Division of cells in the early embryo
- CLEC11AC-type lectin domain family 11 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC
- Clifford TabinAmerican geneticist
- ClinodactylyClinodactyly is a medical term describing the curvature of a digit (a finger or toe) in th
- CloacaPosterior opening in zoology
- Cloaca (embryology)The cloaca (pl.: cloacae) is a structure in the development of the urinary and reproductiv
- CLOCKCLOCK (backronym for circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) is a gene encoding a basic h
- Clonal interferencePhenomenon in evolutionary biology
- Cloning vectorSmall piece of maintainable DNA
- Clonorchis sinensisSpecies of fluke
- ClostridiaClass of bacteria
- ClostridiaceaeFamily of bacteria
- Clostridioides difficile infectionDisease caused by C. difficile bacteria
- Clostridium acetobutylicumSpecies of bacterium
- Clostridium innocuumSpecies of bacterium
- Coactivator (genetics)Class of proteins involved in regulation of transcription
- CoagulationProcess of formation of blood clots
- CoccidiaSubclass of protists
- CoccobacillusA coccobacillus (plural coccobacilli), or bacilluscocco, is a type of bacterium with a sha
- CoccusA coccus (pl.: cocci) is any bacterium or archaeon that has a spherical, ovoid, or general
- CochleaSnail-shaped part of inner ear involved in hearing
- Coding regionPortion of gene's sequence which codes for protein
- Coding strandDNA strand with the same base sequence as an mRNA transcript
- Codon degeneracyDegeneracy or redundancy of codons is the redundancy of the genetic code, exhibited as the
- Coefficient of relationshipMeasure of biological relationship between individuals
- CoenocyteType of cell structure in several groups of organisms
- Coenzyme ACoenzyme, notable for its synthesis and oxidation role
- CoevolutionTwo or more species influencing each other's evolution
- CoextinctionLoss of one species endangers other species
- Cofactor (biochemistry)Non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion
- Cognitive biologyEmerging science
- Cognitive ethologyCognitive ethology is a branch of ethology concerned with the influence of conscious aware
- Cognitive genomicsCognitive genomics (or neurative genomics) is the sub-field of genomics pertaining to cogn
- CohesinProtein complex that regulates the separation of sister chromatids during cell division
- CoinfectionSimultaneous infection from multiple pathogens
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryPrivate, non-profit research institution in US
- Coliform bacteriaGroup of bacterial species
- CollagenMost abundant structural protein in animals
- Collagen helixIn molecular biology, the collagen triple helix or type-2 helix is the main secondary stru
- Collagen hybridizing peptideType of synthetic peptide
- Collective cell migrationCollective cell migration describes the movements of group of cells and the emergence of c
- ColobomaA coloboma (from the Greek κολόβωμα, meaning "defect") is a hole in one of the structures
- Colonial morphologyExamination of microbial colonies
- Colony (biology)Living things grouping together, usually for common benefit
- Colony hybridizationColony hybridization is a method of selecting bacterial colonies with desired genes throug
- Colony-forming unitParameter in microbiology
- Coloration evidence for natural selectionEarly evidence for Darwinism from animal coloration
- Colossal Biosciences dire wolf projectBioengineering project with the goal of replicating an extinct species
- ColpodaGenus of single-celled organisms
- Colpoda inflataColpoda inflata (sometimes called Tillina inflata or Colpoda rouxi) is a unicellular organ
- ColpodeaThe Colpodea are a class of ciliates, of about 200 species common in freshwater and soil h
- Columella (auditory system)In the auditory system, the columella contributes to hearing in amphibians, reptiles and b
- ComamonasComamonas is a genus of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota. Like all Pseudomonadota, th
- Comamonas testosteroniSpecies of bacterium
- Commemoration of Charles DarwinCommemoration of Charles Darwin began with geographical features named after Darwin while
- CommensalismBeneficial symbiosis between species
- Common descentCharacteristic of a group of organisms with a common ancestor
- Common frogSpecies of amphibian
- Common gamma chainProtein-coding gene in humans
- Common misunderstandings of geneticsPublic misconceptions about genetic science
- Common scabPlant disease affecting potatoes and other crops
- CommunibiologyResearch paradigm
- Community (ecology)Associated populations of species in a given area
- Community geneticsGenetic interactions between species and their abiotic environment
- Comparative anatomyStudy of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species
- Comparative biologyStudy of patterns and natural variation in life
- Comparative genomic hybridizationMethod to evaluate biological samples
- Comparative genomicsField of biological research
- Comparative physiologyStudy of the diversity of functional characteristics of organisms
- Comparative Toxicogenomics DatabaseThe Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) is a public website and research tool launch
- Complementarity (molecular biology)Lock-and-key pairing between two structures
- Complementary DNADNA reverse transcribed from RNA
- Complementation (genetics)Genetic process
- Complete proteinProtein source containing all nine essential amino acids
- Complex adaptive systemSystem whose behavior is not automatically predictable from its parts
- Complex traitsGenetic trait
- Composition of the human bodyBody composition elements
- Compound heterozygosityCondition in medical genetics
- Computational biologyApplication of computer science in biology
- Computational phylogeneticsApplication of computational algorithms, methods and programs to phylogenetic analyses
- ConcatemerType of DNA molecule
- Concordance (genetics)Presence of the same trait in two individual organisms
- Conditional gene knockoutConditional gene knockout is a technique used to eliminate a specific gene in a certain ti
- Conductive hearing lossMedical condition
- Cone (botany)Reproductive organ on conifers
- Cone cellPhotoreceptor cells responsible for color vision made to function in bright light
- Conformational changeIn biochemistry, a conformational change is a change in the shape of a macromolecule, ofte
- Congenital absence of the vas deferensCongenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) is a condition in which the vasa deferentia
- Congenital cytomegalovirus infectionCongenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in a newborn baby. Mo
- Congenital stationary night blindnessCongenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) is a rare non-progressive retinal disorder. P
- Congo redCongo red is an organic compound, the sodium salt of 3,3′-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diyl)bis(4
- ConidiumAsexual, non-motile spore of a fungus
- Conjugate vaccineType of vaccine
- ConoidasidaConoidasida is a class of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. The class was de
- Consensus CDS ProjectDataset of protein-coding regions
- Consensus sequenceMost common variant of a genetic sequence across samples
- Conservation biologyStudy of threats to biological diversity
- Conservation developmentConservation development, also known as conservation design, is a controlled-growth land u
- Conservation geneticsInterdisciplinary study of extinction avoidance
- Conservation statusIndication of the chance of extinction
- Conservation-induced extinctionTermination of a species caused by conservation of a different species
- Conservative replacementExchange between similar amino acids of a protein
- Conserved Domain DatabaseBiological database
- Conserved non-coding sequenceDNA sequence
- Conserved sequenceSimilar DNA, RNA or protein sequences within genomes or among species
- Conserved signature indelsShared protein sequence feature
- Consortium for the Barcode of LifeThe Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to
- Constantin LevaditiRomanian–French physician, microbiologist, a major figure in virology and immunology
- Constitutive heterochromatinConstitutive heterochromatin domains are regions of DNA found throughout the chromosomes o
- Constructive neutral evolutionConstructive neutral evolution (CNE) is a theory that seeks to explain how complex systems
- ContigSet of overlapping DNA segments that together represent a consensus region of DNA
- Contingency (evolutionary biology)Effect of evolutionary history on outcomes
- Convergent evolutionIndependent evolution of similar features
- Cooperation (evolution)Groups of organisms acting for mutual benefit
- CooperativityCooperativity is a phenomenon displayed by systems involving identical or near-identical e
- CoprothermobacterCoprothermobacter is a genus of rod-shaped microorganisms, belonging to the bacterial fami
- CoprothermobacterotaCoprothermobacterota is a phylum of nonmotile, rod-shaped bacteria.
- Copulation (zoology)Animal sexual reproductive act in which a male introduces sperm into the female's body
- Copy number variationRepeated DNA variation between individuals
- Cord factorChemical compound
- CoriobacteriiaClass of bacteria
- CorneaTransparent front layer of the eye
- Coronavirus 3′ stem-loop II-like motif (s2m)The Coronavirus 3′ stem-loop II-like motif (also known as s2m) is a secondary structure mo
- Coronavirus frameshifting stimulation elementIn molecular biology, the coronavirus frameshifting stimulation element is a conserved ste
- Coronavirus packaging signalRegulartory element in coronaviruses
- Corpus callosumWhite matter tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
- Corpus spongiosum (penis)The corpus spongiosum is the mass of spongy tissue surrounding the male urethra within the
- Cortex (botany)Outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant
- Cortical thymic epithelial cellsCortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs) form unique parenchyma cell population of the thy
- CortisolVertebrate natural glucocorticoid hormone
- Corynebacterium xerosisSpecies of prokaryote
- CosmidType of hybrid plasmid
- Cosmopolitan distributionDistribution of an organism across all or most of the world
- CospeciationForm of coevolution
- Cost of reproduction hypothesisIn life history theory, the cost of reproduction hypothesis is the idea that reproduction
- Costly signaling theory in evolutionary psychologyBehavioral theory
- CottonseedCottonseed is the seed of the cotton plant.
- CotyledonEmbryonic leaf first appearing from a germinating seed
- Coxiella burnetiiSpecies of bacterium
- CpG oligodeoxynucleotideCpG oligodeoxynucleotides (or CpG ODN) are short single-stranded synthetic DNA molecules t
- CpG siteRegion of often-methylated DNA with a cytosine followed by a guanine
- Cranial nervesNerves that emerge directly from the brain
- Crassulacean acid metabolismMetabolic process
- Cre recombinaseGenetic recombination enzyme
- Cre-Lox recombinationSite-specific recombinase technology
- Creation and evolution in public educationThe status of creation and evolution in public education has been the subject of substanti
- CREBCREB-TF (CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein) is a cellular transcription factor.
- CressdnaviricotaCressdnaviricota is a phylum of viruses with small, circular single-stranded DNA genomes a
- Cricket paralysis virusCricket paralysis virus (CrPV) is a paralytic disease affecting crickets. It was initially
- Criminal transmission of HIV in the United StatesIntentional or reckless infection of a person with HIV
- CripavirusGenus of viruses
- CRISPRFamily of DNA sequences found in prokaryotic organisms
- CRISPR activationCRISPR activation (CRISPRa) is a gene regulation technique that utilizes an engineered for
- CRISPR interferenceCRISPR interference (CRISPRi) is a genetic perturbation technique that allows for sequence
- CRISPR-DisplayCRISPR-Display (CRISP-Disp) is a modification of the CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered regularly inte
- Critical anthropomorphismPerspective in the study of animal behavior
- CrocosmiaCrocosmia (), also known as montbretia (), is a small genus of flowering plants in the iri
- CronobacterGenus of bacteria
- Cronobacter sakazakiiSpecies of bacterium
- Cross River languagesThe Cross River or Delta–Cross languages are a branch of the Benue–Congo language family s
- Crosslinking of DNAPhenomenon in genetics
- Crown groupMonophyletic closure of a set of living species
- Cry1AcCry1Ac protoxin is a crystal protein produced by the gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus thu
- Cryo-electron microscopyElectron microscopy technique
- CryobiologyStudy of effects of extreme low temperatures on life
- CryptobiosisMetabolic state of life
- CryptocaryonGenus of single-celled organisms
- Cryptococcus gattiiSpecies of fungus
- CryptogamAny plant or plant-like organism that reproduces by spores, without flowers or seeds
- Cryptosporidium hominisSpecies of single-celled organism
- Cryptosporidium murisCryptosporidium muris is a species of coccidium, first isolated from the gastric glands of
- Cryptosporidium parvumSpecies of single-celled organism
- Cryptosporidium varaniiSpecies of single-celled organism
- CTP synthetaseCTP synthase is an enzyme (EC 6.3.4.2) involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis that interconve
- CulicoidesCulicoides is a genus of biting midges in the family Ceratopogonidae. There are over 1000
- Cultural evolutionEvolutionary theory of social change
- Cultural-historical psychologyBranch of psychology
- Cupriavidus necatorSpecies of bacterium
- CurliThe Curli protein is a type of amyloid fiber produced by certain strains of enterobacteria
- CuscutaGenus of parasitic plants
- Cuscuta europaeaCuscuta europaea, the greater dodder or European dodder, is a parasitic plant native to Eu
- Cutaneous leishmaniasisCutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis affecting humans. It is a
- CuvetteSmall container used in laboratories
- Cyclic adenosine monophosphateCellular second messenger
- Cyclic di-GMPChemical compound
- Cyclic guanosine monophosphateChemical compound
- Cyclic nucleotideCyclic nucleic acid
- Cyclin ACyclin A is a member of the cyclin family, a group of proteins that function in regulating
- Cyclin B1G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNB1 gene.
- Cyclin D/Cdk4Multi-protein structure
- Cyclin ECyclin E is a member of the cyclin family.
- Cyclin-dependent kinase 6Cell division protein kinase 6 (CDK6) is an enzyme encoded by the CDK6 gene. It is regulat
- Cyclin-dependent kinase complexA cyclin-dependent kinase complex (CDKC, cyclin-CDK) is a protein complex formed by the as
- CyclophilinCyclophilins (CYPs) are a family of proteins named after their ability to bind to ciclospo
- CyclovirusThe viral genus Cyclovirus is a genus in the family Circoviridae. Viruses in this genus ha
- CymbellaGenus of single-celled organisms
- CymbellaceaeThe Cymbellaceae are a diatom family in the order Cymbellales.
- CYP1A1Protein-coding gene in humans
- CYP2D6Human liver enzyme
- CYP4A11Cytochrome P450 4A11 is a protein that in humans is codified by the CYP4A11 gene.
- CypovirusGenus of viruses
- CysteineProteinogenic amino acid
- Cysteine proteaseCysteine proteases, also known as thiol proteases, are hydrolase enzymes that degrade prot
- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorMammalian protein found in humans
- Cystic veinThe cystic veins (usually multiple small veins rather than a single cystic vein) drain ven
- CystineChemical compound
- CystovirusFamily of viruses
- Cytidine triphosphateChemical compound
- CytobacillusGenus of rod-shaped bacteria
- CytochromeRedox-active proteins containing a heme with a Fe atom as a cofactor
- Cytochrome dCytochrome d, previously known as cytochrome a2, is a name for all cytochromes (electron-t
- CytogeneticsBranch of genetics
- CytokineCategory of small signaling proteins
- Cytokine receptorCytokine receptors are receptors that bind to cytokines.
- CytokinesisFinal stage of cell division
- CytokininClass of plant hormones promoting cell division
- CytomegalovirusGenus of viruses
- CytonemeCytonemes are thin, cellular projections that are specialized for exchange of signaling pr
- Cytopathic effectChanges in cells caused by viruses
- CytophagalesClass of bacteria
- CytosineChemical compound in nucleic acids
- CytosolLiquid found in cells
